Medical Terminology Definitions Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which gland releases growth hormone and hormones that stimulate other glands?

  • Parathyroid gland
  • Pituitary gland (correct)
  • Thyroid gland
  • Adrenal gland

    • What is the function of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

  • Destroying the thyroid gland
  • Aiding in glycogen conversion
  • Stimulating the adrenal cortex
  • Secreting oxytocin (correct)

    • Which term refers to the overactivity of a parathyroid gland?

  • Conn syndrome
  • Cushing syndrome
  • Hyperparathyroidism (correct)
  • Addison disease

    • What does acromegaly result from?

    <p>Excess growth hormone in children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'mellitus' refer to in diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Urine's sugar content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) reading of 126 mg/dL indicate?

    <p>Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is caused by an autoimmune disease resulting in hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Graves' disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) test measure?

    <p>Average blood glucose level over two to three months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is marked by darkening of the skin, weakness, and alterations in salt and water balance?

    <p>Cushing's syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of the term 'insipidus' in Diabetes insipidus?

    <p>Tasteless</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Type 1 primarily affects children and requires insulin administration, while Type 2 primarily affects obese adults and is treated with diet and exercise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with obesity, weakness, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hirsutism (excess hair growth)?

    <p>Acromegaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the sudden damage to the brain resulting from a reduction of cerebral blood flow?

    <p>Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ataxia refer to?

    <p>Lack of muscle coordination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is marked by involuntary twitching of the limbs or facial muscles?

    <p>Chorea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does dementia refer to?

    <p>Gradual loss of intellectual function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a chronic disease involving periodic sudden bursts of electric activity from the brain resulting in seizures?

    <p>Epilepsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Parkinsonism characterized by?

    <p>Slow movements, tremor, rigidity, and mask-like face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The word 'mellitus' in diabetes mellitus refers to the Latin root for honey.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exophthalmos is a symptom commonly seen in Graves' disease.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) is measured after a fast of at least six hours.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gigantism is caused by hyposecretion of growth hormone in childhood.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypoglycemia is characterized by an abnormally high level of glucose in the blood.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) may signal borderline diabetes mellitus.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ketoacidosis is caused by excessive ketone bodies and is related to diabetes mellitus.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thyrotoxicosis is a condition resulting from underactivity of the thyroid gland.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Wernicke area is located in the frontal lobe of the brain.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neurotoxicity refers to something that is beneficial for nerve health.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hemiparesis is a condition characterized by paralysis of one side of the body.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A ganglionectomy involves the surgical removal of a gland.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Encephalomalacia refers to the hardening of brain tissue.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Narcolepsy is a condition characterized by sudden episodes of seizures.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hydrocephalus is characterized by a reduced accumulation of CSF in or around the brain.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Amnesia is a state of deep unconsciousness from which one cannot be roused.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epilepsy involves a chronic disease characterized by loss of myelin in the CNS.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Encephalitis is an inflammation of the meninges.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dementia results in a state of reduced comprehension, coherence, and reasoning ability.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Parkinsonism is characterized by sudden and temporary confusion marked by excitement and incoherence.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for a disease resulting from an excess of hormones from the adrenal cortex and is associated with obesity, weakness, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hirsutism?

    <p>Cushing's syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is caused by insufficient release of ADH from the posterior pituitary, leading to excessive thirst and production of large amounts of very dilute urine?

    <p>Diabetes insipidus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a disorder of glucose metabolism caused by deficiency of insulin production or inadequate tissue response to insulin?

    <p>Diabetes mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to a disorder caused by an adrenal tumor leading to hyperaldosteronism?

    <p>Conns' syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the adrenal glands secretes epinephrine in response to stress?

    <p>Medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pancreatic islet?

    <p>Regulation of glucose metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland regulates mood and daily rhythms in response to environmental light?

    <p>Pineal gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?

    <p>Controls the pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'mellitus' refer to in diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Honey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by an enlargement of the thyroid gland?

    <p>Goiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) reading equal to or greater than 126 mg/dL indicate?

    <p>Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for causing gigantism during childhood?

    <p>Growth hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a sudden and temporary state of confusion marked by excitement, physical restlessness, and incoherence?

    <p>Narcolepsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition involves a series of violent, involuntary muscle contractions usually associated with a nervous condition?

    <p>Chorea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does hydrocephalus refer to?

    <p>Increased accumulation of CSF in or around the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a state of reduced comprehension, coherence, and reasoning ability resulting in inappropriate responses to environmental stimuli?

    <p>Dementia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a chronic, progressive disease involving loss of myelin in the central nervous system?

    <p>Multiple Sclerosis (MS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ataxia refer to?

    <p>Lack of muscle coordination</p> Signup and view all the answers

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