Medical Terminology Chapter 5 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'celiac' refer to?

Pertaining to the cheek

Inflammation of the appendix

Inflammation of the liver

Pertaining to the abdomen (correct)

What is the muscular wave-like movement to transport food through the digestive system called?

peristalsis

What part of the tooth contains a rich supply of nerves and blood vessels?

pulp

What does 'gingiv/o' mean?

gums Signup and view all the answers

What does 'buccal' mean?

pertaining to the cheek Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition of high blood levels of a pigment released by the liver with bile called?

hyperbilirubinemia Signup and view all the answers

What carries bile into the duodenum?

common bile duct Signup and view all the answers

What is a chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract known as?

Crohn disease Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme is responsible for digesting starch?

amylase Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a ring of muscles?

sphincter Signup and view all the answers

What is a specialist in gums called?

Periodontist Signup and view all the answers

What does 'stomat/o' mean?

mouth Signup and view all the answers

What is 'cheil/o' the same as?

Labi/o Signup and view all the answers

What is a stone in a salivary gland called?

Sialadenolithiasis Signup and view all the answers

What is the membrane that connects parts of the small intestine?

mesentery Signup and view all the answers

What is the new opening from the large bowel to the surface of the body called?

colostomy Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for fats that are improperly digested and appear in the feces?

steatorrhea Signup and view all the answers

What does 'anorexia' refer to?

lack of appetite Signup and view all the answers

What are white plaques on the mucosa of the mouth known as?

oral leukoplakia Signup and view all the answers

What does 'dysphagia' mean?

difficulty in swallowing Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for telescoping of the intestine?

intussusception Signup and view all the answers

What are abnormal side pockets in a hollow organ such as the intestine called?

diverticula Signup and view all the answers

What are esophageal varices?

swollen twisted veins Signup and view all the answers

What is another term for jaundice?

icterus Signup and view all the answers

What is the third part of the small intestine called?

ileum Signup and view all the answers

What organ is located under the stomach and produces insulin and enzymes?

pancreas Signup and view all the answers

What is the first part of the large intestine called?

cecum Signup and view all the answers

What small sac under the liver stores bile?

gallbladder Signup and view all the answers

What is the tube connecting the throat to the stomach called?

esophagus Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the large intestine?

colon Signup and view all the answers

What is the first part of the small intestine called?

duodenum Signup and view all the answers

What is the throat also known as?

pharynx Signup and view all the answers

What do 'laparo/o' and 'celi/o' both mean?

Abdomen Signup and view all the answers

What do 'gloss/o' and 'lingu/o' both mean?

Tongue Signup and view all the answers

What do 'or/o' and 'stomat/o' both mean?

Mouth Signup and view all the answers

What do 'labi/o' and 'cheil/o' both mean?

Lip Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the enlargement of the liver?

hepatomegaly Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of the cause of disease known as?

etiology Signup and view all the answers

What are incisions of the common bile duct called?

choledochotomy Signup and view all the answers

What is the surgical repair of the roof of the mouth known as?

palatoplasty Signup and view all the answers

What does PC stand for in medical terms?

after meal Signup and view all the answers

What is the new opening between the common bile duct and the jejunum called?

choledochojejunostomy Signup and view all the answers

What is the inflammation of the appendix known as?

appendicitis Signup and view all the answers

What is inflammation of the membrane around the abdomen called?

peritonitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the inflammation of the large intestine known as?

colitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the inflammation of the gallbladder called?

cholecystitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the inflammation of the salivary gland called?

sialadenitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the inflammation of the small and large intestines?

enterocolitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the inflammation of the liver called?

hepatitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the inflammation of the pancreas called?

pancreatitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the inflammation of the mouth called?

stomatitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the inflammation of the gums called?

gingivitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the inflammation of the third part of the small intestine called?

ileitis Signup and view all the answers

What are calculi in the sac that stores bile known as?

cholecystolithiasis Signup and view all the answers

What does failure of peristalsis refer to?

ileus Signup and view all the answers

What is chronic liver disease resulting from alcoholism and malnutrition called?

cirrhosis Signup and view all the answers

What are swollen twisted veins in the rectal region known as?

hemorrhoids Signup and view all the answers

What is a sore or lesion of the mucous membrane in the stomach or duodenum called?

peptic ulcer Signup and view all the answers

What is painful inflamed intestines often caused by bacterial infection called?

dysentery Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for inflammation of the liver caused by a type A, type B, or type C virus?

hepatitis Signup and view all the answers

What is chronic inflammation of the large bowel with ulcers called?

ulcerative colitis Signup and view all the answers

What are abnormal side pockets in the intestinal wall called?

diverticula Signup and view all the answers

What is the group of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress but without inflammation of the intestines?

irritable bowel syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is bright fresh red blood in stool called?

hematochezia Signup and view all the answers

What is the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen called?

ascites Signup and view all the answers

What does steatorrhea refer to?

discharge of fat in the feces Signup and view all the answers

What does melena refer to?

black, dark brown, tarry stool Signup and view all the answers

What is the membrane that holds the intestines together called?

mesentery Signup and view all the answers

What does 'sublingual' mean?

pertaining to under the tongue Signup and view all the answers

What does hyperbilirubinemia refer to?

high levels of pigment in the blood jaundice Signup and view all the answers

What does 'anastomosis' mean?

new connection between two previously unconnected tubes Signup and view all the answers

What is the physical process of breaking down large fat globules into smaller parts called?

emulsification Signup and view all the answers

What is the salivary gland near the ear called?

parotid Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for swallowing?

deglutition Signup and view all the answers

What are small substances that are produced when proteins are digested called?

amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What is hydrochloric acid?

chemical made in the stomach that helps break down food Signup and view all the answers

What pigment is released by the liver in bile?

bilirubin Signup and view all the answers

What is the soft inner tissue hanging from the roof of the mouth called?

uvula Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Gastrointestinal Terminology

Celiac: Relates specifically to the abdomen.
Peristalsis: Muscular contractions that facilitate the movement of food through the digestive tract.
Pulp: The inner part of a tooth, rich in nerves and blood vessels.

Dental and Oral Health

Gingiv/o: Refers to the gums.
Buccal: Pertains to the cheek.
Periodontist: A dental specialist focusing on gum health.

Digestive System Anatomy

Common bile duct: Tube that delivers bile into the duodenum.
Mesentery: Membrane that connects and supports parts of the small intestine.
Sphincter: A ring-like muscle that controls the flow of substances in the body.

Medical Conditions

Hyperbilirubinemia: Elevated bilirubin levels in the blood, often leading to jaundice.
Crohn disease: A condition characterized by chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract.
Intussusception: A serious condition where part of the intestine telescopes into another section.

Symptoms and Disorders

Dysphagia: Difficulty in swallowing.
Steatorrhea: Presence of undigested fats in feces, indicative of malabsorption.
Anorexia: Lack of appetite, can be a symptom of various health issues.

Infections and Inflammations

Hepatitis: Inflammation of the liver, can be caused by viruses.
Cholecystitis: Inflammation of the gallbladder.
Appendicitis: Inflammation of the appendix.

Surgical Procedures

Colostomy: New opening created from the large bowel to the body's surface.
Palatoplasty: Surgical repair of the roof of the mouth.
Choledochojejunostomy: New connection between the common bile duct and the jejunum.

Digestive Functions and Processes

Amylase: An enzyme that breaks down starches.
Emulsification: Process of breaking down large fat globules for better digestion.
Deglutition: The act of swallowing.

Other Key Concepts

Diverticula: Abnormal pockets in the intestinal wall, often associated with diverticulitis.
Ulcerative colitis: Chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by ulcers in the colon.
Ascites: Abnormal fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity.

Important Structures

Pancreas: Organ that produces insulin and digestive enzymes.
Gallbladder: Small sac that stores bile produced by the liver.
Esophagus: Tube that connects the throat to the stomach.

Nutritional Elements

Amino acids: Building blocks produced during protein digestion.
Hydrochloric acid: Stomach acid that aids in food breakdown.
Bilirubin: A pigment released by the liver in bile, contributing to digestion and coloration of waste.

Other Common Terms

Flatus: Gas expelled from the digestive tract through the anus.
Hematochezia: Fresh blood in stool, often indicating gastrointestinal bleeding.
Melena: Black, tarry stools resulting from digested blood.

This compilation includes essential terms and concepts relevant to the gastrointestinal system, its diseases, symptoms, and associated anatomical structures.

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Description

Test your knowledge of medical terminology with these flashcards focusing on Chapter 5. Learn definitions and meanings of important terms related to human anatomy and physiology. Perfect for students in health sciences and nursing programs.