Medical Terminology Chapter 12 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is the outer fold of pleura lying closer to the ribs?

  • Parietal pleura (correct)
  • Alveoli
  • Pleural cavity
  • Visceral pleura

    • What are the collections of lymph tissues in the nasopharynx called?

    adenoids

    What is the lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the voice box?

    epiglottis

    What are the air sacs in the lungs called?

    <p>alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the midline region of the lungs where bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs?

    <p>hilum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the apical part of the lung called?

    <p>uppermost part</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for breathing in air?

    <p>inspiration / inhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the divisions of the lungs known as?

    <p>lobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for breathing out air?

    <p>expiration / exhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the essential tissue of the lung that performs its main function?

    <p>parenchyma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The exchange of gases in the lung is _____ respiration.

    <p>external</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The exchange of gases at the tissue cells is _____ respiration.

    <p>internal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is chronic dilation of a bronchus called?

    <p>bronchiectasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for air in the chest?

    <p>pneumothorax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lack of sense of smell called?

    <p>anosmia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the removal of the voice box called?

    <p>laryngectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is inflammation of the nose and throat called?

    <p>nasopharyngitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does phrenic pertain to?

    <p>diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is narrowing of the windpipe called?

    <p>tracheal stenosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is excessive carbon dioxide in the blood known as?

    <p>hypercapria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does orthopnea mean?

    <p>breathing is easiest or possible only in an upright position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does dyspnea mean?

    <p>difficult breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition of blueness of skin?

    <p>cyanosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is spitting up blood called?

    <p>hemoptysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the deficiency of oxygen known as?

    <p>hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition of pus in the pleural cavity called?

    <p>pyothorax or empyema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does dysphonia refer to?

    <p>hoarseness; voice impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is blood in the pleural cavity called?

    <p>hemothorax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a nosebleed referred to as?

    <p>epistaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the acute infectious disease of the throat caused by the diphtheria bacterium Corynebacterium?

    <p>diphtheria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants that is marked by obstruction of the larynx and stridor called?

    <p>croup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls called?

    <p>emphysema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chronic inflammation of the tubes that lead from the trachea?

    <p>chronic bronchitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by airway obstruction?

    <p>asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does atelectasis refer to?

    <p>lung or portion of a lung is collapsed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a malignant neoplasm originating in a lung or bronchus called?

    <p>lung cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is whooping cough also known as?

    <p>pertussis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a collection of fluid or other material within the lung as seen on a chest film, CT scan, or other radiologic study called?

    <p>infiltrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the inherited disease of exocrine glands, leading to airway obstruction?

    <p>cystic fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a type of pneumoconiosis caused by inhaling dust particles?

    <p>asbestosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the inflammatory disease in which small nodules form in the lungs and lymph nodes called?

    <p>sarcoidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for listening to sounds within the body?

    <p>auscultation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does percussion refer to in medical examination?

    <p>tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other called?

    <p>pleural rub / friction rub</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are fine cracking sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum called?

    <p>rales (crackles)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum called?

    <p>rhonchi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is material expelled from bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting called?

    <p>sputum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for green or brown sputum?

    <p>purulent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx?

    <p>stridor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing called?

    <p>wheeze</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is noncurative treatment also known as?

    <p>palliative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does COPD stand for?

    <p>chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does NSCLC stand for?

    <p>non-small cell lung cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does SCLC stand for?

    <p>small cell lung cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation and bronchitis called?

    <p>pneumoconiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction called?

    <p>pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a fluid-filled area in a lung called?

    <p>infiltrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for acute inflammation of the lungs and the bronchioles usually as a result of the spread of infection?

    <p>bronchopneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is community-acquired pneumonia?

    <p>results from a contagious respiratory infection caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pneumonia caused by material, such as food or vomitus, lodging in bronchi or lungs called?

    <p>aspiration pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs called?

    <p>pulmonary abscess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles called?

    <p>pulmonary edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a clot or other material that lodges in vessels of the lungs called?

    <p>pulmonary embolism (PE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formation of scar tissue in the connective tissues of the lungs called?

    <p>pulmonary fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs called?

    <p>sarcoidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium that usually involves the lungs?

    <p>tuberculosis (TB)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura called?

    <p>mesothelioma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space called?

    <p>pleural effusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the artificial production of adhesions between the parietal and visceral pleura for treatment of persistent pneumothorax called?

    <p>pleurodesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is coal dust accumulation in the lungs called?

    <p>anthracosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the disease due to silica or glass dust in the lungs, often occurring in mining occupations called?

    <p>silicosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does PET stand for?

    <p>positron emission tomography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does V/Q stand for?

    <p>ventilation-perfusion scan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fiberoptic endoscope examination of the bronchial tubes called?

    <p>bronchoscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the washing of the bronchial called?

    <p>bronchioalveolar lavage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway called?

    <p>endotracheal intubation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the visual examination of the voice box called?

    <p>laryngoscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do PFTs stand for?

    <p>pulmonary function tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the instrument that measures the volume and rate of air passing into and out of the lungs?

    <p>spirometer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is obstructive lung disease?

    <p>airways are narrowed, resulting in resistance to air flow during breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does FEV1 stand for?

    <p>forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does restrictive lung disease mean?

    <p>expansion of the lung is limited by disease that affects the chest wall, pleura, or lung tissue itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does TLC stand for?

    <p>total lung capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space called?

    <p>thoracentesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a large surgical incision of the chest called?

    <p>thoracotomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does thoracoscopy involve?

    <p>visual examination of the chest via small incision and use of an endoscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck called?

    <p>tracheostomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tuberculin test used for?

    <p>determines past or present tuberculous infection based on a positive skin reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does PPD stand for?

    <p>purified protein derivative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chest tube passed through an opening in the chest to continuously drain a pleural effusion called?

    <p>tube thoracostomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ARDS stand for?

    <p>acute respiratory distress syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is bronchoscopy?

    <p>bronchioscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pleura and Respiratory Structures

    • Parietal pleura is the outer fold of the pleura, adjacent to the ribs.
    • Alveoli are the air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.
    • The hilum is the midline region of the lungs where bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit.

    Laryngeal and Nasal Anatomy

    • The epiglottis is a lid-like cartilage that protects the voice box during swallowing.
    • Adenoids are collections of lymph tissue located in the nasopharynx.
    • Nasopharyngitis refers to the inflammation of the nose and throat.

    Breathing Terminology

    • Inspiration (inhalation) refers to the process of breathing in air.
    • Expiration (exhalation) is the process of breathing out air.
    • Orthopnea is the difficulty in breathing that occurs when lying flat.

    Lung Conditions and Diseases

    • Bronchiectasis is the chronic dilation of a bronchus, often secondary to infection.
    • Pneumothorax is a condition characterized by the presence of air in the chest cavity.
    • Hypertrophy of air sacs leading to destruction of alveolar walls is known as emphysema.

    Gas Exchange

    • External respiration refers to the exchange of gases in the lungs.
    • Internal respiration is the gas exchange occurring at the tissue cells.
    • Hypoxia indicates a deficiency of oxygen in the tissues.

    Respiratory Disorders

    • Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by airway obstruction.
    • Chronic bronchitis involves long-term inflammation of the bronchial tubes.
    • Croup is an acute respiratory syndrome in children marked by laryngeal obstruction.

    Diagnostic Procedures

    • Bronchoscopy is a fiberoptic examination of the bronchial tubes.
    • Spirometry measures the volume and rate of air flow in and out of the lungs.
    • Tuberculin test assesses past or present tuberculosis infections based on skin reaction.

    Fluid Accumulation and Infections

    • Empyema refers to pus accumulation in the pleural cavity.
    • Pleural effusion is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space.
    • Pulmonary edema involves fluid accumulation in the air sacs and bronchioles.

    Cancer and Tumors

    • Lung cancer can be either non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or small cell lung cancer (SCLC).
    • Mesothelioma is a rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura caused by asbestos exposure.
    • Rales (crackles) are fine crackling sounds heard during the auscultation of obstructed bronchi.
    • Wheezing refers to continuous high-pitched whistling sounds during breathing.
    • Stridor is a strained, high-pitched sound heard during inspiration due to upper airway obstruction.

    Lung Capacity and Function

    • Total lung capacity (TLC) refers to the maximum amount of air the lungs can hold.
    • Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) measures how much air a person can exhale during the first second of a forced expiration.
    • Obstructive lung disease involves narrowed airways leading to resistance during breathing.

    Surgical Procedures and Interventions

    • Thoracentesis is a surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space.
    • Tracheostomy involves creating an opening through the neck into the trachea to facilitate breathing.
    • Tube thoracostomy is the placement of a chest tube to continuously drain pleural effusions.

    Inherited and Environmental Conditions

    • Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disorder affecting the exocrine glands, leading to mucus accumulation and airway obstruction.
    • Pneumoconiosis refers to lung diseases caused by inhaling different types of dust.
    • Silicosis is specifically caused by silica or glass dust exposure, often in mining occupations.

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    Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key terms from Medical Terminology Chapter 12. Each card presents a specific term related to anatomy and physiology, making it a great study tool for medical students and professionals. Perfect for quick review or detailed study.

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