Medical Terminology Chapter 12 Quiz & Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the outer fold of pleura lying closer to the ribs?

Parietal pleura (correct)

Alveoli

Pleural cavity

Visceral pleura

What are the collections of lymph tissues in the nasopharynx called?

adenoids

What is the lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the voice box?

epiglottis

What are the air sacs in the lungs called?

alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What is the midline region of the lungs where bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs?

hilum Signup and view all the answers

What is the apical part of the lung called?

uppermost part Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for breathing in air?

inspiration / inhalation Signup and view all the answers

What are the divisions of the lungs known as?

lobes Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for breathing out air?

expiration / exhalation Signup and view all the answers

What is the essential tissue of the lung that performs its main function?

parenchyma Signup and view all the answers

The exchange of gases in the lung is _____ respiration.

external Signup and view all the answers

The exchange of gases at the tissue cells is _____ respiration.

internal Signup and view all the answers

What is chronic dilation of a bronchus called?

bronchiectasis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for air in the chest?

pneumothorax Signup and view all the answers

What is the lack of sense of smell called?

anosmia Signup and view all the answers

What is the removal of the voice box called?

laryngectomy Signup and view all the answers

What is inflammation of the nose and throat called?

nasopharyngitis Signup and view all the answers

What does phrenic pertain to?

diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

What is narrowing of the windpipe called?

tracheal stenosis Signup and view all the answers

What is excessive carbon dioxide in the blood known as?

hypercapria Signup and view all the answers

What does orthopnea mean?

breathing is easiest or possible only in an upright position Signup and view all the answers

What does dyspnea mean?

difficult breathing Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition of blueness of skin?

cyanosis Signup and view all the answers

What is spitting up blood called?

hemoptysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the deficiency of oxygen known as?

hypoxia Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition of pus in the pleural cavity called?

pyothorax or empyema Signup and view all the answers

What does dysphonia refer to?

hoarseness; voice impairment Signup and view all the answers

What is blood in the pleural cavity called?

hemothorax Signup and view all the answers

What is a nosebleed referred to as?

epistaxis Signup and view all the answers

What is the acute infectious disease of the throat caused by the diphtheria bacterium Corynebacterium?

diphtheria Signup and view all the answers

What is acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants that is marked by obstruction of the larynx and stridor called?

croup Signup and view all the answers

What is hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls called?

emphysema Signup and view all the answers

What is the chronic inflammation of the tubes that lead from the trachea?

chronic bronchitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by airway obstruction?

asthma Signup and view all the answers

What does atelectasis refer to?

lung or portion of a lung is collapsed Signup and view all the answers

What is a malignant neoplasm originating in a lung or bronchus called?

lung cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is whooping cough also known as?

pertussis Signup and view all the answers

What is a collection of fluid or other material within the lung as seen on a chest film, CT scan, or other radiologic study called?

infiltrate Signup and view all the answers

What is the inherited disease of exocrine glands, leading to airway obstruction?

cystic fibrosis Signup and view all the answers

What is a type of pneumoconiosis caused by inhaling dust particles?

asbestosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the inflammatory disease in which small nodules form in the lungs and lymph nodes called?

sarcoidosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for listening to sounds within the body?

auscultation Signup and view all the answers

What does percussion refer to in medical examination?

tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure Signup and view all the answers

What is the scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other called?

pleural rub / friction rub Signup and view all the answers

What are fine cracking sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum called?

rales (crackles) Signup and view all the answers

What are loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum called?

rhonchi Signup and view all the answers

What is material expelled from bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting called?

sputum Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for green or brown sputum?

purulent Signup and view all the answers

What is the strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx?

stridor Signup and view all the answers

What are continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing called?

wheeze Signup and view all the answers

What is noncurative treatment also known as?

palliative Signup and view all the answers

What does COPD stand for?

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Signup and view all the answers

What does NSCLC stand for?

non-small cell lung cancer Signup and view all the answers

What does SCLC stand for?

small cell lung cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is an abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation and bronchitis called?

pneumoconiosis Signup and view all the answers

What is acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction called?

pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

What is a fluid-filled area in a lung called?

infiltrate Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for acute inflammation of the lungs and the bronchioles usually as a result of the spread of infection?

bronchopneumonia Signup and view all the answers

What is community-acquired pneumonia?

results from a contagious respiratory infection caused by a variety of viruses and bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is pneumonia caused by material, such as food or vomitus, lodging in bronchi or lungs called?

aspiration pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

What is a large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs called?

pulmonary abscess Signup and view all the answers

What is fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles called?

pulmonary edema Signup and view all the answers

What is a clot or other material that lodges in vessels of the lungs called?

pulmonary embolism (PE) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formation of scar tissue in the connective tissues of the lungs called?

pulmonary fibrosis Signup and view all the answers

What is a chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs called?

sarcoidosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium that usually involves the lungs?

tuberculosis (TB) Signup and view all the answers

What is the rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura called?

mesothelioma Signup and view all the answers

What is the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space called?

pleural effusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the artificial production of adhesions between the parietal and visceral pleura for treatment of persistent pneumothorax called?

pleurodesis Signup and view all the answers

What is coal dust accumulation in the lungs called?

anthracosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the disease due to silica or glass dust in the lungs, often occurring in mining occupations called?

silicosis Signup and view all the answers

What does PET stand for?

positron emission tomography Signup and view all the answers

What does V/Q stand for?

ventilation-perfusion scan Signup and view all the answers

What is the fiberoptic endoscope examination of the bronchial tubes called?

bronchoscopy Signup and view all the answers

What is the washing of the bronchial called?

bronchioalveolar lavage Signup and view all the answers

What is the placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway called?

endotracheal intubation Signup and view all the answers

What is the visual examination of the voice box called?

laryngoscopy Signup and view all the answers

What do PFTs stand for?

pulmonary function tests Signup and view all the answers

What is the instrument that measures the volume and rate of air passing into and out of the lungs?

spirometer Signup and view all the answers

What is obstructive lung disease?

airways are narrowed, resulting in resistance to air flow during breathing Signup and view all the answers

What does FEV1 stand for?

forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration Signup and view all the answers

What does restrictive lung disease mean?

expansion of the lung is limited by disease that affects the chest wall, pleura, or lung tissue itself Signup and view all the answers

What does TLC stand for?

total lung capacity Signup and view all the answers

What is the surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space called?

thoracentesis Signup and view all the answers

What is a large surgical incision of the chest called?

thoracotomy Signup and view all the answers

What does thoracoscopy involve?

visual examination of the chest via small incision and use of an endoscope Signup and view all the answers

What is the surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck called?

tracheostomy Signup and view all the answers

What is the tuberculin test used for?

determines past or present tuberculous infection based on a positive skin reaction Signup and view all the answers

What does PPD stand for?

purified protein derivative Signup and view all the answers

What is the chest tube passed through an opening in the chest to continuously drain a pleural effusion called?

tube thoracostomy Signup and view all the answers

What does ARDS stand for?

acute respiratory distress syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is bronchoscopy?

bronchioscopy Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pleura and Respiratory Structures

Parietal pleura is the outer fold of the pleura, adjacent to the ribs.
Alveoli are the air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.
The hilum is the midline region of the lungs where bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit.

Laryngeal and Nasal Anatomy

The epiglottis is a lid-like cartilage that protects the voice box during swallowing.
Adenoids are collections of lymph tissue located in the nasopharynx.
Nasopharyngitis refers to the inflammation of the nose and throat.

Breathing Terminology

Inspiration (inhalation) refers to the process of breathing in air.
Expiration (exhalation) is the process of breathing out air.
Orthopnea is the difficulty in breathing that occurs when lying flat.

Lung Conditions and Diseases

Bronchiectasis is the chronic dilation of a bronchus, often secondary to infection.
Pneumothorax is a condition characterized by the presence of air in the chest cavity.
Hypertrophy of air sacs leading to destruction of alveolar walls is known as emphysema.

Gas Exchange

External respiration refers to the exchange of gases in the lungs.
Internal respiration is the gas exchange occurring at the tissue cells.
Hypoxia indicates a deficiency of oxygen in the tissues.

Respiratory Disorders

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by airway obstruction.
Chronic bronchitis involves long-term inflammation of the bronchial tubes.
Croup is an acute respiratory syndrome in children marked by laryngeal obstruction.

Diagnostic Procedures

Bronchoscopy is a fiberoptic examination of the bronchial tubes.
Spirometry measures the volume and rate of air flow in and out of the lungs.
Tuberculin test assesses past or present tuberculosis infections based on skin reaction.

Fluid Accumulation and Infections

Empyema refers to pus accumulation in the pleural cavity.
Pleural effusion is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space.
Pulmonary edema involves fluid accumulation in the air sacs and bronchioles.

Cancer and Tumors

Lung cancer can be either non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or small cell lung cancer (SCLC).
Mesothelioma is a rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura caused by asbestos exposure.

Rales (crackles) are fine crackling sounds heard during the auscultation of obstructed bronchi.
Wheezing refers to continuous high-pitched whistling sounds during breathing.
Stridor is a strained, high-pitched sound heard during inspiration due to upper airway obstruction.

Lung Capacity and Function

Total lung capacity (TLC) refers to the maximum amount of air the lungs can hold.
Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) measures how much air a person can exhale during the first second of a forced expiration.
Obstructive lung disease involves narrowed airways leading to resistance during breathing.

Surgical Procedures and Interventions

Thoracentesis is a surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space.
Tracheostomy involves creating an opening through the neck into the trachea to facilitate breathing.
Tube thoracostomy is the placement of a chest tube to continuously drain pleural effusions.

Inherited and Environmental Conditions

Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disorder affecting the exocrine glands, leading to mucus accumulation and airway obstruction.
Pneumoconiosis refers to lung diseases caused by inhaling different types of dust.
Silicosis is specifically caused by silica or glass dust exposure, often in mining occupations.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key terms from Medical Terminology Chapter 12. Each card presents a specific term related to anatomy and physiology, making it a great study tool for medical students and professionals. Perfect for quick review or detailed study.

Medical Terminology Chapter 12 Flashcards