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Medical Terminology Chapter 1
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Medical Terminology Chapter 1

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@SafePythagoras

Questions and Answers

The four elements used to form words are?

  • Word root, combining form
  • Combining form, prefix, suffix
  • Word root, suffix, prefix
  • Word root, combining form, suffix, prefix (correct)

    • In the words arthritis, arthrectomy, and arthroscope, what is the root?

    arthr

    A combining vowel is usually an e.

    False

    A word root links a suffix that begins with a consonant.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A combining form links multiple roots to each other.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A combining form links a suffix that begins with a consonant.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To define a medical word, first define the prefix.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the term intramuscular, intra is the prefix.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the word root of: splen/o (spleen)?

    <p>splen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the word root of: hyster/o (uterus)?

    <p>hyster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the word root of: enter/o (intestine)?

    <p>enter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the word root of: neur/o (nerve)?

    <p>neur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the word root of: ot/o (ear)?

    <p>ot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the word root of: dermat/o (skin)?

    <p>dermat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the word root of: hydr/o (water)?

    <p>hydr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the word root of: nephritis - inflammation of the kidney?

    <p>neph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the word root of: arthrodesis - fixation of a joint?

    <p>arthr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the word root of: dermatitis - inflammation of the skin?

    <p>dermat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the word root of: dentist - specialist in teeth?

    <p>dent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the word root of: gastrectomy - excision of the stomach?

    <p>gastre</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the word root of: chondritis - inflammation of cartilage?

    <p>chondr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the word root of: hepatoma - tumor of the liver?

    <p>hepat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the word root of: muscular - pertaining to muscle?

    <p>muscul</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the word root of: gastric - pertaining to the stomach?

    <p>gastr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the word root of: osteoma - tumor of the bone?

    <p>oste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the combining form for neph - kidney?

    <p>nephr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the combining form for hepat/o - liver?

    <p>hepat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the combining form for arthr - joint?

    <p>arthr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the combining form for oste/o/arthr - bone; joint?

    <p>oste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the combining form for cholangi/o - bile vessel?

    <p>cholangi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The diacritical mark - is called a?

    <p>macron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The diacritical mark ^ is called a?

    <p>breve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The - indicates the (short, long) sound of vowels?

    <p>long</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ^ indicates the (short, long) sound of vowels?

    <p>short</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The combination ch is sometimes pronounced like (k, chiy).

    <p>k</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When pn is at the beginning of a word, it is pronounced only with the sound of (p, n).

    <p>n</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When i is at the end of a word, it is pronounced like (eye, ee).

    <p>eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When pn is in the middle of a word, the p is pronounced.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For ae and oe, only the (first, second) vowel is pronounced.

    <p>second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When e and es form the final letter or letters of a word, they are commonly pronounced as (combined, separate) syllables.

    <p>separate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the suffix of thoracotomy?

    <p>-tomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the suffix of gastroscope?

    <p>-scope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the suffix of tonsillitis?

    <p>-itis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the suffix of gastric?

    <p>-ic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the suffix of tonsillectomy?

    <p>-ectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prefix of anesthesia?

    <p>an-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prefix of hyperthermia?

    <p>hyper-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prefix of intramuscular?

    <p>intra-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prefix of paranasal?

    <p>para-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prefix of polyuria?

    <p>poly-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define gastritis.

    <p>inflammation of the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define nephritis.

    <p>inflammation of the kidney(s)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define gastrectomy.

    <p>excision of the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define osteoma.

    <p>tumor of bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define hepatoma.

    <p>tumor of the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define hepatitis.

    <p>inflammation of the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What rule applies to arthr/itis?

    <p>Rule: 1 - WR links a suffix that begins with a vowel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What rule applies to scler/osis?

    <p>Rule: 1 - WR links a suffix that begins with a vowel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What rule applies to arthr/o/centesis?

    <p>Rule: 2 - CF links a suffix that begins with a consonant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What rule applies to colon/o/scope?

    <p>Rule: 2 - CF links a suffix that begins with a consonant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What rule applies to chondr/itis?

    <p>Rule: 1 - WR links a suffix that begins with a vowel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What rule applies to chondr/oma?

    <p>Rule: 1 - WR links a suffix that begins with a vowel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What rule applies to oste/o/chondri/itis?

    <p>Rule: 3 - CF links multiple roots to each other. This rule holds true even if the next word root begins with a vowel. Rule: 1 - WR links a suffix that begins with a vowel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What rule applies to muscul/ar?

    <p>Rule: 1 - WR links a suffix that begins with a vowel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What rule applies to oste/o/arthr/itis?

    <p>Rule: 3 - CF links multiple roots to each other. This rule holds true even if the next word root begins with a vowel. Rule: 1 - WR links a suffix that begins with a vowel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Medical Terminology Basics

    • Four elements used to form medical terms: word root, combining form, suffix, and prefix.
    • A root serves as the main part or foundation of a word.

    Word Roots

    • Common medical word roots include:
      • Arthr: relates to joints (e.g., arthritis).
      • Splen: refers to spleen (e.g., splen/o).
      • Hyster: pertains to the uterus (e.g., hyster/o).
      • Enter: associated with intestine (e.g., enter/o).
      • Neur: relates to nerves (e.g., neur/o).
      • Ot: refers to ears (e.g., ot/o).
      • Dermat: pertains to skin (e.g., dermat/o).
      • Hydr: refers to water (e.g., hydr/o).
      • Neph: related to kidneys (e.g., nephritis).
      • Arthr: for joint fixation (arthrodesis).
      • Dent: concerns teeth (e.g., dentist).
      • Gastre: refers to the stomach (e.g., gastrectomy).
      • Chondr: pertains to cartilage (e.g., chondritis).
      • Hepat: relates to liver (e.g., hepatoma).
      • Muscul: refers to muscle (e.g., muscular).
      • Gastr: pertains to stomach (e.g., gastric).
      • Oste: refers to bone (e.g., osteoma).

    Combining Forms

    • A combining form connects multiple roots and links to a suffix beginning with a consonant.
    • Common combining forms include:
      • Nephr/o: kidney.
      • Hepat/o: liver.
      • Arthr/o: joint.
      • Oste/o: bone.
      • Cholangi/o: bile vessel.

    Suffixes

    • Suffixes define medical procedures, conditions, or statuses. Examples include:
      • -tomy: incision (thoracotomy).
      • -scope: instrument for viewing (gastroscope).
      • -itis: inflammation (tonsillitis).
      • -ic: pertaining to (gastric).
      • -ectomy: removal (tonsillectomy).

    Prefixes

    • Prefixes modify the meaning of the root. Common prefixes include:
      • an-: without (anesthesia).
      • hyper-: excessive (hyperthermia).
      • intra-: within (intramuscular).
      • para-: beside or near (paranasal).
      • poly-: many or excessive (polyuria).

    Pronunciation Rules

    • Diacritical marks help indicate vowel sounds.
      • Macron: indicates a long vowel sound.
      • Breve: indicates a short vowel sound.
    • Combination of letters can affect pronunciation:
      • ch is pronounced as k (e.g., cholesterol).
      • pn at the beginning of a word is pronounced n (e.g., pneumonia).
      • i at the end of a word is pronounced eye (e.g., bronchi).
      • ae and oe pronounce only the second vowel.

    Inflammation Definitions

    • Gastritis: inflammation of the stomach.
    • Nephritis: inflammation of the kidneys.
    • Hepatitis: inflammation of the liver.
    • Dermatitis: inflammation of the skin.

    Surgical Procedures

    • Gastrectomy: excision of the stomach.
    • Osteoma: tumor of the bone.
    • Hepatoma: tumor of the liver.

    Medical Word Formation Rules

    • Rule 1: Word roots link to suffixes that begin with a vowel.
    • Rule 2: Combining forms link to suffixes that begin with a consonant.
    • Rule 3: Combining forms connect multiple roots to each other.

    Understanding Word Relationships

    • Suffixes can indicate condition or procedure (e.g., arthritis).
    • The order of defining a medical term typically starts with the suffix, followed by the root, then any prefixes.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of medical terminology with these flashcards covering the foundational elements of medical words. Learn about word roots, combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes, and understand their significance in medical language. Perfect for beginners and those looking to refresh their skills.

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