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Questions and Answers
The four elements used to form words are?
The four elements used to form words are?
In the words arthritis, arthrectomy, and arthroscope, what is the root?
In the words arthritis, arthrectomy, and arthroscope, what is the root?
arthr
A combining vowel is usually an e.
A combining vowel is usually an e.
False
A word root links a suffix that begins with a consonant.
A word root links a suffix that begins with a consonant.
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A combining form links multiple roots to each other.
A combining form links multiple roots to each other.
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A combining form links a suffix that begins with a consonant.
A combining form links a suffix that begins with a consonant.
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To define a medical word, first define the prefix.
To define a medical word, first define the prefix.
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In the term intramuscular, intra is the prefix.
In the term intramuscular, intra is the prefix.
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What is the word root of: splen/o (spleen)?
What is the word root of: splen/o (spleen)?
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What is the word root of: hyster/o (uterus)?
What is the word root of: hyster/o (uterus)?
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What is the word root of: enter/o (intestine)?
What is the word root of: enter/o (intestine)?
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What is the word root of: neur/o (nerve)?
What is the word root of: neur/o (nerve)?
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What is the word root of: ot/o (ear)?
What is the word root of: ot/o (ear)?
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What is the word root of: dermat/o (skin)?
What is the word root of: dermat/o (skin)?
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What is the word root of: hydr/o (water)?
What is the word root of: hydr/o (water)?
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What is the word root of: nephritis - inflammation of the kidney?
What is the word root of: nephritis - inflammation of the kidney?
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What is the word root of: arthrodesis - fixation of a joint?
What is the word root of: arthrodesis - fixation of a joint?
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What is the word root of: dermatitis - inflammation of the skin?
What is the word root of: dermatitis - inflammation of the skin?
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What is the word root of: dentist - specialist in teeth?
What is the word root of: dentist - specialist in teeth?
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What is the word root of: gastrectomy - excision of the stomach?
What is the word root of: gastrectomy - excision of the stomach?
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What is the word root of: chondritis - inflammation of cartilage?
What is the word root of: chondritis - inflammation of cartilage?
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What is the word root of: hepatoma - tumor of the liver?
What is the word root of: hepatoma - tumor of the liver?
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What is the word root of: muscular - pertaining to muscle?
What is the word root of: muscular - pertaining to muscle?
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What is the word root of: gastric - pertaining to the stomach?
What is the word root of: gastric - pertaining to the stomach?
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What is the word root of: osteoma - tumor of the bone?
What is the word root of: osteoma - tumor of the bone?
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What is the combining form for neph - kidney?
What is the combining form for neph - kidney?
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What is the combining form for hepat/o - liver?
What is the combining form for hepat/o - liver?
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What is the combining form for arthr - joint?
What is the combining form for arthr - joint?
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What is the combining form for oste/o/arthr - bone; joint?
What is the combining form for oste/o/arthr - bone; joint?
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What is the combining form for cholangi/o - bile vessel?
What is the combining form for cholangi/o - bile vessel?
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The diacritical mark - is called a?
The diacritical mark - is called a?
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The diacritical mark ^ is called a?
The diacritical mark ^ is called a?
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The - indicates the (short, long) sound of vowels?
The - indicates the (short, long) sound of vowels?
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The ^ indicates the (short, long) sound of vowels?
The ^ indicates the (short, long) sound of vowels?
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The combination ch is sometimes pronounced like (k, chiy).
The combination ch is sometimes pronounced like (k, chiy).
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When pn is at the beginning of a word, it is pronounced only with the sound of (p, n).
When pn is at the beginning of a word, it is pronounced only with the sound of (p, n).
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When i is at the end of a word, it is pronounced like (eye, ee).
When i is at the end of a word, it is pronounced like (eye, ee).
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When pn is in the middle of a word, the p is pronounced.
When pn is in the middle of a word, the p is pronounced.
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For ae and oe, only the (first, second) vowel is pronounced.
For ae and oe, only the (first, second) vowel is pronounced.
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When e and es form the final letter or letters of a word, they are commonly pronounced as (combined, separate) syllables.
When e and es form the final letter or letters of a word, they are commonly pronounced as (combined, separate) syllables.
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What is the suffix of thoracotomy?
What is the suffix of thoracotomy?
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What is the suffix of gastroscope?
What is the suffix of gastroscope?
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What is the suffix of tonsillitis?
What is the suffix of tonsillitis?
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What is the suffix of gastric?
What is the suffix of gastric?
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What is the suffix of tonsillectomy?
What is the suffix of tonsillectomy?
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What is the prefix of anesthesia?
What is the prefix of anesthesia?
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What is the prefix of hyperthermia?
What is the prefix of hyperthermia?
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What is the prefix of intramuscular?
What is the prefix of intramuscular?
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What is the prefix of paranasal?
What is the prefix of paranasal?
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What is the prefix of polyuria?
What is the prefix of polyuria?
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Define gastritis.
Define gastritis.
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Define nephritis.
Define nephritis.
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Define gastrectomy.
Define gastrectomy.
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Define osteoma.
Define osteoma.
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Define hepatoma.
Define hepatoma.
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Define hepatitis.
Define hepatitis.
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What rule applies to arthr/itis?
What rule applies to arthr/itis?
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What rule applies to scler/osis?
What rule applies to scler/osis?
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What rule applies to arthr/o/centesis?
What rule applies to arthr/o/centesis?
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What rule applies to colon/o/scope?
What rule applies to colon/o/scope?
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What rule applies to chondr/itis?
What rule applies to chondr/itis?
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What rule applies to chondr/oma?
What rule applies to chondr/oma?
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What rule applies to oste/o/chondri/itis?
What rule applies to oste/o/chondri/itis?
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What rule applies to muscul/ar?
What rule applies to muscul/ar?
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What rule applies to oste/o/arthr/itis?
What rule applies to oste/o/arthr/itis?
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Study Notes
Medical Terminology Basics
- Four elements used to form medical terms: word root, combining form, suffix, and prefix.
- A root serves as the main part or foundation of a word.
Word Roots
- Common medical word roots include:
- Arthr: relates to joints (e.g., arthritis).
- Splen: refers to spleen (e.g., splen/o).
- Hyster: pertains to the uterus (e.g., hyster/o).
- Enter: associated with intestine (e.g., enter/o).
- Neur: relates to nerves (e.g., neur/o).
- Ot: refers to ears (e.g., ot/o).
- Dermat: pertains to skin (e.g., dermat/o).
- Hydr: refers to water (e.g., hydr/o).
- Neph: related to kidneys (e.g., nephritis).
- Arthr: for joint fixation (arthrodesis).
- Dent: concerns teeth (e.g., dentist).
- Gastre: refers to the stomach (e.g., gastrectomy).
- Chondr: pertains to cartilage (e.g., chondritis).
- Hepat: relates to liver (e.g., hepatoma).
- Muscul: refers to muscle (e.g., muscular).
- Gastr: pertains to stomach (e.g., gastric).
- Oste: refers to bone (e.g., osteoma).
Combining Forms
- A combining form connects multiple roots and links to a suffix beginning with a consonant.
- Common combining forms include:
- Nephr/o: kidney.
- Hepat/o: liver.
- Arthr/o: joint.
- Oste/o: bone.
- Cholangi/o: bile vessel.
Suffixes
- Suffixes define medical procedures, conditions, or statuses. Examples include:
- -tomy: incision (thoracotomy).
- -scope: instrument for viewing (gastroscope).
- -itis: inflammation (tonsillitis).
- -ic: pertaining to (gastric).
- -ectomy: removal (tonsillectomy).
Prefixes
- Prefixes modify the meaning of the root. Common prefixes include:
- an-: without (anesthesia).
- hyper-: excessive (hyperthermia).
- intra-: within (intramuscular).
- para-: beside or near (paranasal).
- poly-: many or excessive (polyuria).
Pronunciation Rules
- Diacritical marks help indicate vowel sounds.
- Macron: indicates a long vowel sound.
- Breve: indicates a short vowel sound.
- Combination of letters can affect pronunciation:
- ch is pronounced as k (e.g., cholesterol).
- pn at the beginning of a word is pronounced n (e.g., pneumonia).
- i at the end of a word is pronounced eye (e.g., bronchi).
- ae and oe pronounce only the second vowel.
Inflammation Definitions
- Gastritis: inflammation of the stomach.
- Nephritis: inflammation of the kidneys.
- Hepatitis: inflammation of the liver.
- Dermatitis: inflammation of the skin.
Surgical Procedures
- Gastrectomy: excision of the stomach.
- Osteoma: tumor of the bone.
- Hepatoma: tumor of the liver.
Medical Word Formation Rules
- Rule 1: Word roots link to suffixes that begin with a vowel.
- Rule 2: Combining forms link to suffixes that begin with a consonant.
- Rule 3: Combining forms connect multiple roots to each other.
Understanding Word Relationships
- Suffixes can indicate condition or procedure (e.g., arthritis).
- The order of defining a medical term typically starts with the suffix, followed by the root, then any prefixes.
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Description
Test your knowledge of medical terminology with these flashcards covering the foundational elements of medical words. Learn about word roots, combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes, and understand their significance in medical language. Perfect for beginners and those looking to refresh their skills.
