Chapter 5 Medical Terminology
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Questions and Answers

What is the normal range for blood sugar levels in milligrams per deciliter?

  • 80 - 140
  • 100 - 160
  • 70 - 120 (correct)
  • 50 - 100

    • What do the terms hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia indicate in relation to blood sugar levels?

  • Hypoglycemia indicates high blood sugar; hyperglycemia indicates normal blood sugar.
  • Hypoglycemia indicates low blood sugar; hyperglycemia indicates high blood sugar. (correct)
  • Hypoglycemia indicates low blood sugar; hyperglycemia indicates normal blood sugar.
  • Hypoglycemia indicates normal blood sugar; hyperglycemia indicates low blood sugar.

    • At what blood sugar level is a patient considered hypoglycemic?

  • Less than 70 mg/dL
  • Less than 60 mg/dL (correct)
  • Less than 50 mg/dL
  • Less than 40 mg/dL

    • What does the prefix 'an-' in the term 'anoxia' indicate?

    <p>Without (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by a pulse oximeter reading below 94?

    <p>Hypoxic condition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is related to low levels of oxygen in the body’s tissues?

    <p>Hypoxia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the abbreviation for hypertension?

    <p>HTN (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glycemia refers to which substance in the body?

    <p>Sugar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered hyperglycemia in terms of blood sugar levels?

    <p>Above 120 mg/dL (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'hypoglycemia' specifically refers to what condition?

    <p>Low blood sugar levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'tachycardia' refer to?

    <p>A fast heart rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes 'bradycardia'?

    <p>A heart rate below 60 beats per minute (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'hypotension' refer to?

    <p>Abnormally low blood pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the prefixes 'tachy' and 'brady' indicate in medical terminology?

    <p>Fast and slow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical adult range for normal heart rate?

    <p>60 to 100 beats per minute (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term signifies the inflammation of the gallbladder?

    <p>Cholecystitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym 'CPAP' stand for?

    <p>Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'tachypnea' refer to in respiratory terms?

    <p>Fast breathing rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a medical abbreviation that can be pronounced as a word?

    <p>Acronym (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates a hypertensive crisis in blood pressure readings?

    <p>Systolic over 180 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated when a patient's oxygen saturation level is below 94 percent?

    <p>Oxygen will likely need to be applied. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the term 'dyspnea' important in a medical context?

    <p>It describes difficulty in breathing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'proximal' refer to?

    <p>Closer to the torso or point of attachment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical plane divides the body into left and right sections?

    <p>Sagittal plane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'bilateral' refer to in a medical assessment?

    <p>Involvement of both sides of the body. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which position is a patient when lying face up?

    <p>Supine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'anatomy' study?

    <p>The body's structure and parts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a condition where there's breathing difficulty?

    <p>Dyspnea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which quadrant contains the liver and gallbladder?

    <p>Right upper quadrant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines 'ventral' in anatomical terms?

    <p>Refers to the front side of the body. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient is considered hypoglycemic if their blood sugar level is below 60 milligrams per deciliter.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hyperglycemia indicates a condition where blood sugar levels are between 70 and 120 milligrams per deciliter.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anoxia refers to a condition in which the body has an adequate supply of oxygen.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A pulse oximeter reading above 94 is considered sufficient for adequate oxygen levels.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypoxia is defined as a state of low blood sugar levels.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glycemia refers to the concentration of glucose in the bloodstream.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The normal range for blood sugar levels is between 50 and 150 milligrams per deciliter.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypoglycemia can lead to symptoms such as dizziness and confusion due to low blood sugar levels.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The abbreviation for hypertension is 'htn'.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient with blood sugar levels above 150 mg/dL is considered hypoglycemic.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bradycardia refers to a heart rate above 100 beats per minute.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tachypnea is defined as a respiratory rate over 20 breaths per minute.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypotension is defined as having a systolic blood pressure of 90 or above.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cholecystitis means inflammation of the liver.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The adult normal pulse range is generally considered to be 60 to 100 beats per minute.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Atherosclerosis and bradycardia refer to the same condition.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An acronym can be defined as an abbreviation that can be pronounced as a word.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tachycardia indicates a heart rate slower than the normal range.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patients with an oxygen saturation below 85 percent are considered to be in a critical state.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'meter' in thermometer relates to measurement.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The upper number of blood pressure readings indicates when the heart is at rest.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient in the supine position is lying on their belly.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The transverse plane divides the body into upper and lower parts.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient with an arrhythmia has a regular heartbeat.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The left upper quadrant of the abdomen contains the liver and gallbladder.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'dyspnea' indicates difficulty breathing.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Proximal refers to a location that is further from the torso.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The midline of the body is used to describe the center point of the torso.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bilateral injuries refer to damage on one side of the body.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acute conditions are typically long-lasting and progressive.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Compound word

    Two or more words combined to create a new word, like "thermometer" which combines "thermo" (heat) and "meter" (measuring tool).

    Root word

    The central part of a word that carries its core meaning, often referring to a body part or function. For example, "cardio" in "cardiologist" refers to the heart.

    Prefix

    A word part added to the beginning of a root word that modifies its meaning. Like "tachy" in "tachycardia" meaning fast.

    Suffix

    A word part added to the end of a root word that modifies its meaning. Like "itis" in "cholecystitis" meaning inflammation.

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    Acronym

    An abbreviation formed from the first letters of words, often pronounced as a word, like "CPAP" for "continuous positive airway pressure."

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    Mnemonic

    A memory aid using initials or a phrase to associate and remember information, like "AEIOU TIPS" for assessing altered mental status.

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    Tachycardia

    A heart rate above 100 beats per minute, often indicating a faster-than-normal heart rhythm.

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    Bradycardia

    A heart rate below 60 beats per minute, often indicating a slower-than-normal heart rhythm.

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    Tachypnea

    A breathing rate above 20 breaths per minute, indicating fast breathing.

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    Bradypnea

    A breathing rate below 12 breaths per minute, indicating slow breathing.

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    What is hypertension?

    Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a condition where the force of blood against the artery walls is consistently too high.

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    What is the abbreviation for hypertension?

    HTN is the abbreviation for hypertension.

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    What is hypoglycemia?

    Hypoglycemia is a condition where the blood sugar level is too low.

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    What is the normal blood sugar range?

    The normal blood sugar range is between 70 and 120 milligrams per deciliter.

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    What is hyperglycemia?

    Hyperglycemia is a condition where the blood sugar level is too high.

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    What is hypoxia?

    Hypoxia is a condition where there is a lack of oxygen in the body's tissues.

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    What is anoxia?

    Anoxia is a complete absence of oxygen in the body's tissues.

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    What is a pulse oximeter?

    A pulse oximeter is a device used to measure the oxygen saturation in the blood.

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    What is a good pulse oximeter reading?

    A pulse oximeter reading of 94% or higher is generally considered to be a good oxygen saturation level.

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    What does a low pulse oximeter reading indicate?

    A pulse oximeter reading below 94% may indicate low blood oxygen levels.

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    Dyspnea

    A medical term describing shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. It is often a symptom of respiratory or cardiac problems.

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    Apnea

    Means "without breathing." This occurs when a patient is unable to breathe independently.

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    Anatomy

    The study of the body's structure, including the location and arrangement of organs, tissues, and cells.

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    Physiology

    The study of how the body functions, including the processes of organ systems and cell activity.

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    Pathophysiology

    The study of how diseases affect the body's structure and function.

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    Supine

    A term to describe a patient lying flat on their back, face up.

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    Prone

    A term to describe a patient lying on their stomach and chest, face down.

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    Medial

    Means "closer to the midline or the center of the body."

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    Lateral

    Means "further away from the midline or center of the body."

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    Semi-Fowler's

    Position where the patient is sitting at a 45-degree angle.

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    What is a compound word?

    A combination of two or more words joined to form a new word, like "thermometer" which combines "thermo" (heat) and "meter" (measuring tool).

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    What is a root word?

    The central part of a word that carries its core meaning, often referring to a body part or function. For example, "cardio" in "cardiologist" refers to the heart.

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    What is a prefix?

    A word part added to the beginning of a root word that modifies its meaning. Like "tachy" in "tachycardia" meaning fast.

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    What is a suffix?

    A word part added to the end of a root word that modifies its meaning. Like "itis" in "cholecystitis" meaning inflammation.

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    What is an acronym?

    An abbreviation formed from the first letters of words, often pronounced as a word, like "CPAP" for "continuous positive airway pressure."

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    What is a mnemonic?

    A memory aid using initials or a phrase to associate and remember information, like "AEIOU TIPS" for assessing altered mental status.

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    What is tachycardia?

    A heart rate above 100 beats per minute, often indicating a faster-than-normal heart rhythm.

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    What is bradycardia?

    A heart rate below 60 beats per minute, often indicating a slower-than-normal heart rhythm.

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    What is tachypnea?

    A breathing rate above 20 breaths per minute, indicating fast breathing.

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    What is bradypnea?

    A breathing rate below 12 breaths per minute, indicating slow breathing.

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    Acute Change

    A sudden change in the body's state, often unwelcome.

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    Supine Position

    Refers to a patient lying on their back with their face up.

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    Prone Position

    Refers to a patient lying on their stomach with their face down.

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    Study Notes

    Medical Terminology Basics

    • Medical terminology uses compound words (e.g., thermometer = thermo + meter) and combines roots, prefixes, and suffixes (e.g., cardiologist = cardio + -logist).
    • Examples:
      • Cholecystitis: Inflammation of the gallbladder (chole/cyst/itis).
    • Acronyms and mnemonics are used for memorization (e.g., AEIOU TIPS, SAMPLE).
      • CPAP: Continuous positive airway pressure.
      • AEIOU TIPS: Altered Mental Status (AMS), Advanced Life Support (ALS), Altered Level of Consciousness (ALOC).
      • SAMPLE: Signs/Symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Past medical history, Last oral intake, Events leading up to.
    • Normal adult heart rate range is 60-100 bpm.
      • Tachycardia: Heart rate over 100 bpm.
      • Bradycardia: Heart rate under 60 bpm.
    • Normal adult respiratory rate is 12-20 breaths per minute.
      • Tachypnea: Respiratory rate over 20 breaths per minute.
      • Bradypnea: Respiratory rate under 12 breaths per minute.

    Blood Pressure and Other Measurements

    • Hypotension: Low blood pressure (systolic <90).
    • Hypertension: High blood pressure (systolic ≥140).
    • Hypertensive crisis: Systolic blood pressure ≥ 180.
    • Diastolic pressure: Pressure when the heart is relaxing.
    • Hypoglycemia: Low blood sugar (<60 mg/dL).
    • Normal blood sugar range: 70-120 mg/dL.
    • Hyperglycemia: High blood sugar (>120 mg/dL).
    • Hypoxia: Low oxygen in body tissues.
    • Anoxia: Absence of oxygen in tissues.
    • Pulse oximeter reading of >94% is good. Readings below 94% indicate needing oxygen. Readings below 85% need immediate attention.

    Breathing and Other Medical Terms

    • Dyspnea: Difficulty breathing.
    • Apnea: Absence of breathing.
    • Acute: Sudden, severe change (not normal).
    • Atypical presentation: Presenting symptoms differ from usual.
    • Arrhythmia/Dysrhythmia: Irregular heartbeats (interchangeable terms).

    Anatomical Terms and Positions

    • Anatomical Position: Standing, facing forward, palms forward.
    • Planes:
      • Frontal (coronal): Divides front and back.
      • Sagittal (median): Divides left and right.
      • Transverse (horizontal): Divides top and bottom.
    • Directional terms:
      • Superior/Inferior: Above/below (relative to another structure).
      • Anterior/Posterior: Front/back.
      • Ventral/Dorsal: Front/back (less common in medicine).
      • Medial/Lateral: Towards/away from the midline.
      • Proximal/Distal: Closer to/farther from the point of attachment (for extremities).
      • Unilateral/Bilateral: One side/both sides.
    • Positions:
      • Supine: Lying on back.
      • Prone: Lying on belly.
      • Lateral: Lying on side.
      • Recovery position (lateral recumbent): One arm raised.
      • Fowler's position: Sitting upright (90 degrees).
      • Semi-Fowler's position: Sitting at about 45 degrees.
    • Abdominal quadrants:
      • RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ (right upper, left upper, right lower, left lower).
      • Organs vary based on abdominal quadrants.
      • Midclavicular line: Vertical line through mid-point of clavicle (collar bone). Used as a reference point

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    Test your knowledge of medical terminology with this quiz focused on common terms, definitions, and measurements. Explore essential concepts such as heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure classifications. Perfect for healthcare students and professionals looking to reinforce their understanding.

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