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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of a prefix in medical terminology?
Which of the following correctly represents a compound medical term?
Identify the correct word root for 'mouth' in medical terminology.
What is meant by 'compound word' in medical terminology?
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Which suffix would you append to the word root 'anem' to form an adjective?
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What does the prefix 'contra-' generally indicate in medical terminology?
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Which term refers to a painful or faulty swallowing condition?
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What is the meaning of the suffix '-oma' in medical terminology?
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What does the prefix 'auto-' imply when used in medical terminology?
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Which root word relates to cancer in medical terminology?
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Which of the following is the correct plural form of 'Coccus'?
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What does the prefix 'retro-' mean?
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Which body plane divides the body into anterior and posterior halves?
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How is 'posterior' defined in directional terms?
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What does the prefix 'hemi-' represent?
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Which of the following terms uses a prefix to indicate color?
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What does the term 'antero-lateral' specifically describe?
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Which term means 'agent that works against fever'?
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Study Notes
Word-Building System
- Medical terminology is built upon a system of word roots, suffixes, and prefixes.
- Word roots are the core meaning of a word.
- Suffixes are added to the end of a word and modify its meaning.
- Prefixes are added to the beginning of a word and modify its meaning.
Major Organs in the Human Body
- Stomat/o - mouth
- Dent/o - teeth
- Gingiv/a - gums
- Gloss/o/lingu/o - tongue
- Nephro/ren/o - kidney
- Encephal/o - brain
- Hepat/o - liver
- Gastr/o - stomach
- Enter/o - intestine
Compound Words
- Combining two words to form a new word
- Example: Chicken + Pox = Chickenpox
Compound Terms
- Combining word roots using combining vowels (usually "o") to form a single term
- Examples:
- Gastr/o + scope = Gastroscope
- Neur/o + surgery = Neurosurgery
- Micr/o + meter = Micrometer
- Hydr/o + phobia = Hydrophobia
- Hydr/o + therapy = Hydrotherapy
Suffixes
- Word Root + Suffix = Noun (e.g., dent + ist = dentist)
- Word Root + Suffix = Adjective (e.g., anem + ic = anemic)
Plural Forms
- Singular: Sarcoma, Diagnosis, Phalanx, Coccus, Vertex, Cervix
- Plural: Sarcomata, Diagnoses, Phalanges, Cocci, Vertices, Cervices
Prefixes of Position
- Circum- = around
- Peri- = around
- Meta- = beyond, after
- Retro- = behind
- Ultra- = beyond, in excess
- Meso- = middle
Body Planes
- Coron/al - divides the body in anterior and posterior halves
- Sagitt/al - divides the body in equal right and left halves
Directional Terms
- Medial - towards the middle (medi/o)
- Lateral - towards the side (later/o)
- Anterior - front (anter/o)
- Posterior - back (poster/o)
Combined Directional Terms
- Anter/o/lateral - front and side
- Anter/o/medial - front and middle
- Anter/o/superior - front and top
- Poster/o/lateral - back and side
- Poster/o/external - back and outside of the body
- Poster/o/internal - back and inside of the body
Distance and Directions
- Proximal - closer to the point of reference
- Distal - farther from the point of reference
Numerical Prefixes
| Greek | Latin | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| hemi- | semi- | half |
| mono- | uni- | one |
| prot- | prim- | first |
| di(plo)- | bi- | two |
| tri- | tri- | three |
| tetra- | quadr- | four |
| penta- | quint- | five |
Prefixes of Colors
- Leuko - leukocyte (white)
- Erythro - erythrocyte (red)
- Cyano - cyanosis (blue)
- Melano - melanoma (black)
- Xantho - xanthoma (yellow)
- Chloro - chloroplast (green)
- Chromo - chromocyte (color)
Prefixes Against
- Anti- = against
- Anti/pyretic: against fever
- Anti/toxin: against a toxin
- Anti/depressant: against depression
- Anti/coagulant: against blood clotting
- Anti/convulsant: against seizures
- Contra- = against
- Contra/indication - against indication
- Contra/ceptive - against conception
- Contra/lateral - opposite side
Dys- = Painful, Faulty
- Dys- prefix indicates painful, faulty, diseased, bad, difficult, or abnormal.
- Dys/phag/ia - difficult swallowing
- Dys/pepsia - indigestion
- Dys/pnea - difficult breathing
- Dys/uria - difficult urination
Pseudo- = False
- Pseud/o/cyesis - false pregnancy
- Pseud/o/cyst - a false cyst
Auto = Self
- Auto/lysis - self-destroying
- Auto/immunity - immune response to one's own tissues
Roots Related to Disease
- Alg, algi - pain (myalgia, analgesia)
- Carcin - cancer (carcinogen)
- Onc/o - tumor (oncogene)
- Lith - stone (lithiasis)
- Path/o - disease (pathogen)
- Py/o - pus (pyogenic)
- Pyr/o - fever, fire (pyretic)
- Scler/o - hard (sclerosis)
- Tox/o - poison (exotoxin)
Prefixes & Suffixes Related to Disease
- Mal- - bad (malabsorption)
- Xero- - dry (xerosis)
- Pachy- - thick (pachyemia)
- -oma - tumor (blastoma)
- -rhage - flow (hemorrhage)
- -rhea - flow (rhinorrhea)
Roots Used as Suffixes Related to Disease
- Edema - swelling (lymphedema)
- Lysis - dissolving, destruction (hemolysis)
- Malacia - softening (tracheomalacia)
- Necrosis - death of (osteonecrosis)
- Spasm - cramp, sudden contraction (bronchospasm)
- Stasis - stoppage (hemostasis)
- Stenosis - narrowing (arteriostenosis)
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Description
This quiz covers the foundational aspects of medical terminology, including word roots, suffixes, prefixes, and the major organs in the human body. Understand how to build and combine words effectively to enhance your medical vocabulary.
