Medical Term Ch. 10 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

A varicose condition of veins in the anus that results in painful swellings is:

hemorrhoids

The prefix ana- in the medical term anabolism means:

The medical term for the process of viewing the colon is:

colonoscopy

The combining form orex/o means ________.

appetite Signup and view all the answers

An eating disorder involving gorging with food, followed by induced vomiting or laxative abuse is ________.

bulimia Signup and view all the answers

A drug that prevents or stops the vomiting reflex is an ________.

antiemetic Signup and view all the answers

Select the term with the correct spelling.

Crohn disease Signup and view all the answers

Diverticulosis means the presence of diverticula or abnormal small pouches in the colon.

True Signup and view all the answers

Which medical term is spelled correctly?

glossorrhaphy Signup and view all the answers

A medication that is used to decrease peristalsis in the GI tract to stop diarrhea is a(n):

antispasmodic Signup and view all the answers

Select the combining form that means small intestine.

enter/o Signup and view all the answers

The medical term 'digestive' used to describe the digestive system of the human body means:

to divide Signup and view all the answers

Select the medical term for the presence of many small growths.

polyposis Signup and view all the answers

The rectum consists of two muscles, one is the rectal sphincter, the other is _________ (2 words).

anal sphincter Signup and view all the answers

Enteritis means:

inflammation of the intestines Signup and view all the answers

The medical term for a congenital defect where the bones in the roof of the mouth do not completely fuse is:

cleft palate Signup and view all the answers

The medical term for visual examination of the stomach using a long flexible tube and camera is:

gastroscopy Signup and view all the answers

Small pouches in the wall of the colon are called ________.

diverticula Signup and view all the answers

The catabolic process of metabolism builds up complex substances from simple substances.

False Signup and view all the answers

A choledocholithotomy is cutting into the common bile duct to remove a stone.

True Signup and view all the answers

Your patient is a 14-year-old girl. Even though she is 6 feet tall, she weighs only 100 pounds. Her doctor suspects she might have an eating disorder in which the patient avoids food due to a compulsion to become thin. The medical name for this condition is:

anorexia nervosa Signup and view all the answers

The medical term for a chronic liver disease characterized by the gradual loss of liver cells and replacement with fat and connective tissue is:

cirrhosis Signup and view all the answers

Irritable bowel syndrome is:

a chronic disease characterized by periodic disturbances of diarrhea and constipation without clear physical damage Signup and view all the answers

Galen among many other ancient physicians viewed the digestive system rather simply involving only the liver.

False Signup and view all the answers

The prefix cata- in the medical term catabolism means:

down Signup and view all the answers

The medical term for inflammation of the stomach is:

gastritis Signup and view all the answers

The cartilage formation which divides the trachea from the esophagus during swallowing is called __________.

epiglottis Signup and view all the answers

Pain in the stomach is called:

gastralgia Signup and view all the answers

The creation of an opening into the colon is called ________.

colostomy Signup and view all the answers

Inflammation of the stomach and intestine is called:

gastroenteritis Signup and view all the answers

The abbreviation GERD stands for ______________.(3 words)

gastroesophageal reflux disease Signup and view all the answers

A protrusion of a loop of the small intestine through the abdominal wall in the groin region is a(n):

inguinal hernia Signup and view all the answers

Select the correct term for a tube that is inserted in through the nose and drops to the stomach.

nasogastric tube Signup and view all the answers

Gingivectomy is surgical removal of the tongue.

False Signup and view all the answers

The combining form or/o means ________.

mouth Signup and view all the answers

The medical term for indigestion is:

dyspepsia Signup and view all the answers

The organs of the GI tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.

True Signup and view all the answers

The medical term for inflammation of the pancreas is:

pancreatitis Signup and view all the answers

An accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity is known as ascites.

True Signup and view all the answers

The term that means bad breath is:

halitosis Signup and view all the answers

The correct abbreviation for esophagogastroduodenoscopy is ________.

EGD Signup and view all the answers

The three medical names of the system which handles the food intake in the body are:

GI Tract, Gastrointestinal System, Digestive System Signup and view all the answers

Proctoptosis is the prolapse of the rectum.

True Signup and view all the answers

The medical term for inflammation of the colon is:

colitis Signup and view all the answers

Absorption is defined as the ______.

the passage of chemicals and substances from the bolus in the small intestines Signup and view all the answers

Metabolism is defined as the ______.

the act of changing the state of the bolus Signup and view all the answers

Ingestion is defined as the ______.

the act of taking food into the gastrointestinal tract Signup and view all the answers

Deglutition is defined as the ______.

the act of swallowing Signup and view all the answers

The creation of a new opening through the abdominal wall into the ileum is ________.

ileostomy Signup and view all the answers

The word root that means small intestine is enter.

True Signup and view all the answers

In the medical term gastroenterology, the word root enter- means:

guts Signup and view all the answers

The medical term for swollen, varicose veins in the rectum is ________.

hemorrhoids Signup and view all the answers

Select the combining form that means to eat or swallow.

phag/o Signup and view all the answers

The suffix -rrhea means ________.

discharge Signup and view all the answers

When the intestine twists on itself and causes an obstruction, the condition is known as ________.

volvulus Signup and view all the answers

This type of drug reduces the acidity of the stomach.

antacid Signup and view all the answers

Surgical removal of the appendix is called:

appendectomy Signup and view all the answers

The group of chemicals in charge of the internal fermentation of food is called ______ (write the term in plural).

enzymes Signup and view all the answers

The medical term for bad breath is ________.

halitosis Signup and view all the answers

The three organs of the small intestines are:

ileum, jejunum, duodenum Signup and view all the answers

The medical term for the condition of stones in the gallbladder or bile ducts is:

cholelithiasis Signup and view all the answers

The muscle of the anal sphincter is voluntary.

True Signup and view all the answers

The medical term for difficult swallowing is:

dysphagia Signup and view all the answers

The medical term for inflammation of the gums is:

gingivitis Signup and view all the answers

A sign of liver disease is abnormal enlargement of the liver, which is spelled hepatomegalie.

False Signup and view all the answers

Vomiting blood is known as ________.

hematemesis Signup and view all the answers

Aphagia is defined as ________.

inability to swallow Signup and view all the answers

Ascites refers to ________.

accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity Signup and view all the answers

Constipation is defined as ________.

infrequent or incomplete bowel movements Signup and view all the answers

Diarrhea is defined as ________.

frequent discharge of watery fecal material Signup and view all the answers

Dyspepsia refers to the condition of ________.

difficult digestion aka indigestion Signup and view all the answers

Dysphagia is defined as ________.

difficulty in swallowing Signup and view all the answers

Flatus refers to ________.

gas trapped in the GI tract Signup and view all the answers

Gastrodynia is defined as ________.

symptom of stomach pain Signup and view all the answers

Halitosis is defined as ________.

bad breath Signup and view all the answers

Hematemesis is defined as ________.

vomiting blood Signup and view all the answers

Hepatomegaly is defined as ________.

abnormal enlargement of the liver Signup and view all the answers

Jaundice refers to ________.

yellowish-orange coloration of the skin, sclera of the eyes, and deeper tissues is a collective sign of liver disease Signup and view all the answers

Reflux is defined as ________.

backward flow of material in the GI tract Signup and view all the answers

Steatorrhea means ________.

abnormal levels of fat in the feces is a sign of digestive malfunction Signup and view all the answers

Anorexia nervosa is defined as ________.

nervous condition of absence of appetite Signup and view all the answers

Appendicitis refers to ________.

inflammation of the appendix Signup and view all the answers

Bulimia is defined as ________.

repeated gorging with food followed by induced vomiting or laxative abuse Signup and view all the answers

Cheilitis is defined as ________.

inflammation of the lip Signup and view all the answers

Cholecystitis means ________.

inflammation of the gall bladder Signup and view all the answers

Choledochitis refers to ________.

inflammation of the common bile duct Signup and view all the answers

Cholelithiasis means ________.

a generalized condition of stones lodged within the gallbladder or bile ducts Signup and view all the answers

Cirrhosis refers to ________.

a chronic, progressive liver disease characterized by the gradual loss of liver cells and their replacement by fat and other forms of connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

Colitis refers to ________.

inflammation of the segment of the large intestine known as the colon Signup and view all the answers

Colorectal cancer is defined as ________.

cancer of the colon often includes cancer of the rectum Signup and view all the answers

Crohn disease is defined as ________.

a chronic inflammation of any part of the GI tract, most commonly the ileum of the small intestine, that involves ulcerations, scar tissue formation and thickening adhesions of the organ wall aka regional ileitis or regional enteritis Signup and view all the answers

Diverticulosis is defined as ________.

inflammation of abnormal pouches in the colon Signup and view all the answers

Dysentery is defined as ________.

an acute inflammation of the GI tract that is caused by bacteria, protozoa, or chemical irritants Signup and view all the answers

Enteritis is defined as ________.

inflammation of the small or large intestine Signup and view all the answers

Gastrectasis refers to ________.

abnormal stretching or dilation of the stomach Signup and view all the answers

Gastromalacia is defined as ________.

softening of the stomach during advanced stages of stomach cancer Signup and view all the answers

Giardiasis refers to ________.

drinking contaminated water; infection by intestinal protozoa Giardia intestinalis Signup and view all the answers

Glossitis is defined as ________.

inflammation of the tongue due to exposure to allergens, toxic substances, or extreme heat or cold Signup and view all the answers

Hemorrhoids are defined as ________.

swollen veins in the anus produces painful swellings that may break open and bleed Signup and view all the answers

The medical term for a tumor arising from cells within the liver is:

hepatoma Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Medical Vocabulary Overview

Hemorrhoids: A varicose condition of veins in the anus causing painful swellings.
Anabolism: The prefix "ana-" means "up" in the medical term.
Colonoscopy: Procedure for viewing the colon.
Orex/o: Combining form meaning "appetite."
Bulimia: An eating disorder characterized by gorging followed by vomiting or laxative abuse.
Anti-emetic: A drug that prevents or stops vomiting.
Crohn Disease: Correctly spelled term related to gastrointestinal disease.
Diverticulosis: Presence of diverticula or abnormal small pouches in the colon.
Glossorrhaphy: Correctly spelled term referring to surgical repair of the tongue.
Antispasmodic: Medication to decrease peristalsis in the GI tract to stop diarrhea.

Anatomy and Physiology

Enter/o: Combining form meaning "small intestine."
Digestive System: The term "digestive" means "to divide" in the context of the digestive system.
Polyposis: Medical term for presence of many small growths.

Gastrointestinal Conditions

Enteritis: Inflammation of the intestines.
Cleft Palate: Congenital defect of the roof of the mouth.
Gastroscopy: Visual examination of the stomach using a flexible tube and camera.
Diverticula: Small pouches in the colon wall.
Choledocholithotomy: Procedure to remove stones from the common bile duct.

Anorexia Nervosa: Eating disorder characterized by avoidance of food due to a compulsion to become thin.
Cirrhosis: Chronic liver disease involving loss of liver cells, replaced by fat and connective tissue.
IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome): Chronic condition with periodic diarrhea and constipation without physical damage.

Gastrointestinal Functions

Ingestion: Act of taking food into the GI tract.
Deglutition: Act of swallowing.
Absorption: Passage of chemicals and substances from bolus in small intestines.
Metabolism: Changing the state of the bolus.

Common Gastrointestinal Conditions

Gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach.
Colitis: Inflammation of the colon.
Gastroenteritis: Inflammation of both stomach and intestines.
Dysphagia: Medical term for difficulty in swallowing.
Halitosis: Technical term for bad breath.

Pathologies and Signs

Ascites: Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.
Hepatomegaly: Abnormal enlargement of the liver.
Jaundice: Yellowish coloration indicating liver disease.
Steatorrhea: Abnormal levels of fat in feces indicating digestive issues.

Surgical Procedures

Colostomy: Creation of an opening into the colon.
Ileostomy: New opening into the ileum.
Appendectomy: Surgical removal of the appendix.

Gastrointestinal Disorders

Volvulus: Intestinal twisting leading to obstruction.
Dysentery: Acute inflammation of the GI tract due to infections or irritants.
Giardiasis: Infection from drinking contaminated water caused by Giardia intestinalis.

Miscellaneous Terms

Cheilitis: Inflammation of the lip.
Cholecystitis: Inflammation of the gallbladder.
Choledochitis: Inflammation of the common bile duct.
Gingivitis: Inflammation of the gums.

Classification of The Digestive System

GI Tract: Refers to all organs involved in digestion.
Gastrointestinal System: Another name for the GI tract.
Digestive System: Encompasses all processes related to food intake and digestion.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge of medical terminology with these flashcards focused on Chapter 10. This quiz covers important terms and definitions that are essential for understanding medical conditions and procedures. Perfect for students and professionals looking to reinforce their medical vocabulary.