Medical Technology Code of Ethics
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Questions and Answers

Why are medical terminologies and acronyms important?

Medical personnel are in constant communication with other health workers and patients.

Which of the following are the three basic parts of a medical term?

  • Infix
  • Root word (correct)
  • Prefix (correct)
  • Suffix (correct)

    • Most medical terms are derived from __________.

    Greek

    Medical term 'megaly' means reduction in size.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When was the Code of Ethics of the Medical Technology Profession first published by the Philippine Association of Medical Technologist (PAMET)?

    <p>1997</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of the practice of medical technology/medical laboratory science?

    <p>Service to mankind, without bias to a patient’s or colleague’s race, religion, gender, political belief or medical condition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A medical technologist should maintain the confidentiality of all patients' information regardless of legislative requirements.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A medical technologist shall contribute to the profession’s development through __________ learning such as self-development, mentorship, or collaboration with institutions.

    <p>lifelong</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered the Father of Medicine?

    <p>Hippocrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first diagnostic medical breakthrough was the Ophthalmoscope.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization opened the William Pepper Laboratory of Clinical Medicine in 1895?

    <p>University of Pennsylvania</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______ is considered the technique in which a machine temporarily takes over the function of the heart and lungs during surgery.

    <p>Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the medical technology breakthrough with its invention year:

    <p>Stethoscope = 1816 X-ray = 1859 Electron Microscope = 1931 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) = 1970</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some ways that medical technology professionals can help the community?

    <p>Offer free laboratory testing such as blood typing and cholesterol testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a Phlebotomist?

    <p>To draw blood for laboratory tests or blood donations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does BIOSAFETY focus on? Observing and implementing laboratory safety precautions is important in the medical technology practice because it helps prevent unintentional exposure to __________ and toxins.

    <p>pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the laboratory personnel with their roles:

    <p>Pathologist = Physician specialized in laboratory medicine for diagnosing diseases Medical Laboratory Technicians = Assist technologists and pathologists in medical technology practice Cytotechnologist = Works with pathologists to detect changes in body cells for early disease diagnosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of ethics in the medical technology profession?

    <p>A moral code that guides how an individual should behave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define 'Ethical Relativism' in the context of ethics.

    <p>Ethical Relativism is a school of ethics anchored on the principle that morality is relative to the norms of a particular culture or society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Euthanasia is described as a merciful release from suffering.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following medical abbreviations with their meanings:

    <p>TIBC = Total Iron-Binding Capacity HDL = High-Density Lipoprotein LDL = Low-Density Lipoprotein ALT = Alanine Transaminase ABG = Arterial Blood Gas NPN = Non-protein Nitrogen BUA = Blood Uric Acid GTT = Glucose Tolerance Test PCR = Polymerase Chain Reaction CBC = Complete Blood Count MCV = Mean Corpuscular Volume MCH = Mean Corpuscular Volume EEG = Electroencephalogram CNS = Central Nervous System QNS = Quantity Not Sufficient CSF = Cerebrospinal Fluid EDTA = Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid WBC = White Blood Cells RBC = Red Blood Cells UTI = Urinary Tract Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Genetic engineering involves genetic manipulations that may go against _______ standards set by society.

    <p>moral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation 'CDC' stand for?

    <p>Center for Disease Control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following medical technology responsibilities with their descriptions:

    <p>Perform Clinical Laboratory Testing = Capability to conduct basic to advanced tests Ensure Timely Delivery of Results = Awareness of urgency in delivering results for urgent treatment Uphold Confidentiality = Keeping patient information private and confidential Collaborate with Other Health Care Professionals = Working together with other healthcare practitioners to build an effective team</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the full form of 'WHO'?

    <p>World Health Organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    NPO stands for Nothing by ________.

    <p>Mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When was the Asia-Pacific Biosafety Association (A-PBA) founded?

    <p>2005</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biosafety association is described as a 'non-profit organization that aims to provide a forum for discussion and debates on issues of concern'?

    <p>European Biological Safety Association (EBSA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which risk group includes microorganisms that are known to cause serious diseases to humans or animals?

    <p>Risk group 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Biosafety Level 2 (BSL-2) laboratories are designed for working with indigenous moderate-risk agents only.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the biosafety level with its corresponding description:

    <p>Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) = Work with indigenous or exotic agents that may cause serious and potential lethal infection Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) = Required for work with dangerous agents posing high individual risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to John Dewey, what is the role of studies in education?

    <p>Studies represent experiences, they are that of the race.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does CURRICULUM involve?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    CHED is a government agency under the Office of the President of the Philippines that covers institutions of higher education, both public and private. CHED stands for Commission on Higher ________.

    <p>Education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following course subjects with their descriptions:

    <p>Principles of Medical Laboratory Science 1 = Deals with basic concepts, biosafety practices, and waste management Principles of Medical Laboratory Science 2 = Encompasses concepts of assays performed in clinical laboratory Community and Public Health for MT/MLS = Study of community health, promotion, and interaction with communities Cytogenetics = Study of heredity, genetic defects, and genetic disorders Human Histology = Study of cells, tissues, and organs with microscopic emphasis Histopathologic techniques with Cytology = Preparation of tissue samples for diagnostic purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the guide for institutions offering BSMT/BSMLS program?

    <p>CHED Memorandum Order (CMO) No. 13, series of 2017</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Mycology and Virology deal with?

    <p>study of fungi and viruses as agents of diseases with emphasis on epidemiology, laboratory identification and characterization, and prevention and control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concepts are covered in Laboratory Management course?

    <p>Solving problems, quality assurance, quality control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is covered in Medical Technology Laws and Bioethics course?

    <p>various laws, administrative orders, and other approved legal documents related to the practice of Medical Technology/ Medical Laboratory Science in the Philippines. Bioethics as applied to health, health care delivery, and human life in general</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of Hematology 1?

    <p>study of blood as a tissue with emphasis on formation, metabolism of cells, laboratory assays, correlation with pathologic conditions, special hematology evaluation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    History of Medical Technology

    • Stone Age: Diseases were treated as mysteries, believed to be caused by negative interactions between the environment and the body.
      • Treatment involved prayers and rituals.
      • Febrile conditions were treated with purgation, sweating, blood donation, and diet restriction.
    • 300 BC to 180 AD:
      • Hippocrates, the Father of Medicine, authored the Hippocratic Oath.
      • He advocated for tasting urine, listening to the lungs, and observing outward appearances for diagnosis.
      • Galen, a Greek physician and philosopher, introduced a rudimentary and qualitative assessment of disorders through measurement of body fluids in relation to seasons.
    • Medieval Europe:
      • Diagnosis by water casting (uroscopy) was widely practiced.
      • Patients submitted their urine, and physicians who failed to examine urine were subjected to public beatings.
    • 900 AD:
      • The first book detailing the characteristics of urine (color, density, quality) was written.
    • 11th Century:
      • Medical practitioners were not allowed to conduct physical examinations of the patient's body.
      • They relied on the patient's description of symptoms and their observations.
    • 19th Century:
      • Physicians began using machines for diagnosis or therapeutics.
      • Chemistry became pivotal in the diagnosis of diabetes, anemia, diphtheria, and syphilis.
    • Mid-1800s:
      • Chemical experts organized laboratories for analyzing medical specimens.
    • Mid-1900s:
      • Technical laboratories regulated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) began to be used for medical diagnostics in the US.

    Innovations and Breakthroughs

    • Jules Herisson: Invented the Sphygmomanometer (for measuring blood pressure).
    • Josh Hutchinson: Invented the Spirometer (for measuring the vital capacity of the lungs).

    Medical Technology in the Philippines

    • 1969: The Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969 created a Board of Examiners for Medical Technology.
    • New Era University: The Philippine Union College (PUC) in Baesa, Caloocan City (now Adventist University of the Philippines) absorbed MSH's School of Medical Technology.

    Code of Ethics of Medical Technologists

    • PREAMBLE: The Code of Ethics ensures the safety and welfare of patients and sets forth fundamental ethical principles and professional responsibilities of medical technologists.
    • ARTICLE I: General Principles
      • The primary objective of medical technology is service to mankind.
      • Medical technologists shall commit to the highest degree of professionalism, excellence, competence, and integrity.
    • ARTICLE II: Responsibilities to Patients
      • Medical technologists shall attend to patients faithfully, conscientiously, and timely.
      • They shall maintain confidentiality of patient information and results.
    • ARTICLE III: Responsibilities to Self and the Profession
      • Medical technologists shall continuously update and upgrade their knowledge and skills.
      • They shall ensure compliance with medical technology laws and regulations.
    • ARTICLE IV: Responsibilities to Colleagues and Other Professionals
      • Medical technologists shall establish cooperative, honest, and respectful working relationships with other professionals.
    • ARTICLE V: Professional Relationship with the Health Product Industry (HPI)
      • Medical technologists shall collaborate with HPI for the advancement of medical technology and quality of healthcare services.
    • ARTICLE VI: Penal Provisions
      • Violation of any section of the Code of Ethics shall constitute unethical and unprofessional conduct, and may result in suspension or revocation of the Certificate of Registration.
    • ARTICLE VII: Amendments
      • Amendments to the Code of Ethics may be initiated by the Board, in consultation with the Accredited Professional Organization (APO) and other stakeholders.### Medical Technology Timeline
    • 1816: Rene Laennec invents the stethoscope, a diagnostic medical breakthrough used to acquire information about the lungs and heartbeats.
    • 1840: Microscope developed for medical purposes due to advances in lenses and lower costs.
    • 1850: Hermann von Helmholz invents the ophthalmoscope, the first visual technology.
    • 1855: Manuel Garcia devises the laryngoscope using two mirrors to observe the throat and larynx.
    • 1859: Wilhelm Roentgen invents the X-ray, allowing physicians to view the inside of the body without surgery.
    • 1903: William Einthoven develops the electrocardiogram to measure electrical changes during the beating of the heart.
    • 1910: Elizabeth Kenny develops the Kenny Method, pioneering work for modern physical therapy.
    • 1927: Philip Drinker invents the Drinker Respirator to help patients with paralytic anterior poliomyelitis recover normal respiration.
    • 1931: Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska develop the Electron Microscope, used for visualization of small cells including tumor cells.
    • 1939: The Heart-Lung Machine is developed, a cardiopulmonary bypass technique that temporarily takes over the function of the heart and lungs during surgery.
    • 1941: Cardiac catheterization and angiography are developed, allowing for the visualization of the heart, lung vessels, and valves.
    • 1970: Raymond Damadian discovers the basis for using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
    • 1972: Godfrey Houns Field develops a technique for displaying a representation of a cross-section through a human body or other solid object using X-rays or ultrasound.

    History of Medical Technology in the United States

    • 1895: The University of Pennsylvania's William Pepper Laboratory of Clinical Medicine is opened, marking the growth of the medical technology field.
    • 1918: John Kolmer calls for the development of a method to certify medical technologists on a national scale.
    • 1920: Administrative units of clinical laboratories in large hospitals are directed by a chief physician.
    • 1922: The American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) is founded, establishing a code of ethics for technicians and technologists.
    • 1950: Medical technologists in the United States seek professional recognition from the government through licensure laws.

    History of Medical Technology in the Philippines

    • 1565: The first hospital, Hospital Real, is established in Cebu.
    • 1578: The Franciscans build the San Lazaro Hospital.
    • 1596: The Hospital de San Juan de Dios is founded.
    • 1611: The Dominicans found the University of Santo Tomas (UST).
    • 1871: UST establishes the first faculties of pharmacy and medicine.
    • 1806: The central board of vaccination is established to produce and distribute vaccine lymph.
    • 1876: Provincial medical officers are appointed to provide health care services throughout the country.
    • 1883: The Board of Health and Charity is established.
    • 1887: The Laboratorio Municipal de Manila is established by the Spanish authorities.
    • 1898: The Spanish Military hospital is converted into the First Reserve Hospital.
    • 1901: The US government establishes the Bureau of Government Laboratories.
    • 1905: The Bureau of Government Laboratories is reorganized, and the Bureau of Science is established.
    • 1909: The Bureau's medical research and laboratory investigations are focused on microbiology.
    • 1915: The Bureau of Health is reorganized into the Philippines Health Service.
    • 1927: The University of the Philippines' College of Public Health opens its Certificate in Public Health Program.
    • 1941: The Medical Laboratory unit of the US Army provides medical services during World War II.
    • 1944: The 3rd Medical Laboratory is the first laboratory unit to be assigned in the South West Pacific Area (SWPA).
    • 1945: The Manila Public Health Laboratory is established.
    • 1954: The training program for laboratory workers ends, and the Bureau of Private Education approves a four-year course in Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology.
    • 1957: The University of Santo Tomas (UST) initially offers the Medical Technology course as an elective for pharmacy students.
    • 1961: Medical Technology is recognized as an official program in UST.

    Medical Terminologies and Abbreviations

    • Medical terminologies and acronyms are important for effective communication among healthcare professionals and patients.
    • Most medical terms are derived from Greek.
    • A medical term consists of three basic parts: root word, prefix, and suffix.
    • Rules for combining medical terms:
      • If the suffix starts with a consonant, a combining vowel (usually "o") is added.
      • Combining vowels do not change the meaning of the root word.
    • Plural and singular forms of medical terms:
      • Examples: bacterium (singular), bacteria (plural); nucleus (singular), nuclei (plural)### Medical Abbreviations
    • DOH - Department of Health
    • 2PPBS - 2 hours Postprandial blood Sugar
    • CHED - Commission on Higher Education
    • AFS - Acid Fast Stain
    • PCQACL - Philippine Council for Quality Assurance in the Clinical Laboratories
    • AIDS - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
    • FBS - Fasting Blood Sugar
    • AMI - Acute Myocardial Infarction
    • HIV - Human Immunodeficiency Virus
    • BUN - Blood Urea Nitrogen
    • IU - International Unit
    • NPO - Nothing Per Orem
    • ICU - Intensive Care Unit
    • BAP - Blood Agar Plate
    • K - Potassium

    General Medical Abbreviations

    • ADM - Admission, Admitted
    • AOB - Alcohol on Breath
    • ALS - Advanced Life Support
    • AMA - Against Medical Advice, American Medical Association
    • ASAP - As Soon As Possible
    • A&W - Alive and Well
    • BM - Bowel Movement
    • BMD - Bone Mass Density
    • BMI - Body Mass Index
    • BMR - Basal Metabolic Rate
    • BP - Blood Pressure
    • C - Centigrade, Celsius
    • CBF - Cerebral Blood Flow
    • CC - Cubic Centimeter, Chief Complaint, Critical Care
    • C/O - Complains Of, Care Of
    • CV - Cardiovascular
    • D/C - Discontinue or Discharge
    • DNR - Do Not Resuscitate
    • DO - Disorder
    • DOB - Date of Birth
    • DOT - Directly Observed Therapy
    • DSM - Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
    • Dx - Diagnosis
    • EDC - Estimated Date of Confinement
    • EDD - Estimated Delivery Date
    • EGA - Estimated Gestational Age
    • FB - Foreign Body
    • FHR - Fetal Heart Rate
    • FM - Fetal Movement
    • FROM - Free Range of Motion
    • FT - Full Term
    • FX - Fracture
    • GA - Gestational Age
    • GH - Growth Hormone
    • GHRH - Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone
    • GI - Gastrointestinal
    • GU - Genitourinary
    • H&P - History and Physical Examination
    • HB - Hemoglobin
    • HDL - High Density Lipoprotein
    • HPI - History of Present Illness
    • H/O - History Of
    • HR - Heart Rate (or Hour)
    • HS - Hour of Sleep (Bedtime)
    • I&O - Intake and Output
    • ICU - Intensive Care Unit
    • ID - Infectious Diseases
    • IM - Intramuscular
    • IP - Inpatient
    • IQ - Intelligence Quotient
    • IU - International Units
    • IV - Intravenous
    • IVP - Intravenous Push
    • MCO - Managed Care Organization
    • N/V - Nausea/Vomiting
    • NKDA - No Known Drug Allergies
    • NM - Neuromuscular
    • NTG - Nitroglycerin
    • NVD - Normal Vaginal Delivery
    • O2 - Oxygen
    • OPD - Outpatient Department
    • P - Pulse
    • Post-op - Postoperative (after surgery)
    • Pre-op - Preoperative (before surgery)
    • PC - Post Cibum (after meals)
    • PCP - Primary Care Physician
    • PPE - Personal Protection Equipment
    • RBC - Red Blood Cell
    • RF - Risk Factor
    • RXN - Reaction
    • S - Sans (without)
    • SC or SQ - Subcutaneous
    • S/S - Signs and Symptoms
    • STAT - Statim (immediately)
    • SX - Symptoms
    • T - Temperature
    • TLC - Total Lung Capacity
    • TPR - Temperature, Pulse, Respiration
    • UO - Urine Output
    • USOH - Usual State of Health
    • WT - Weight

    Emergency Medical Abbreviations

    • A&O - Alert and Oriented
    • ABC - Airway-Circulation-Breathing
    • A-Fib - Atrial Fibrillation (irregular heartbeat)
    • CAB - Circulation-Airway-Breathing
    • CPR - Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
    • CVA - Cerebral Vascular Accident (stroke)
    • DOA - Dead on Arrival or Date of Admission
    • EBL - Estimated Blood Loss
    • EC - Eye Contact
    • ER - Emergency Room
    • FEF - Forced Expiratory Flow
    • FRC - Functional Residual Capacity
    • GSW - Gunshot Wound
    • LOF - Loss of Fluid
    • MVA - Motor Vehicle Accident
    • NAD - No Acute Distress
    • REM - Rapid Eye Movements
    • SOB - Shortness of Breath
    • VF - Ventricular Fibrillation
    • VS - Vital Signs
    • VSS - Vital Signs Stable

    Medical Orders and Procedure Abbreviations

    • AA - Amino Acid
    • ABG - Arterial Blood Gas
    • AXR - Abdominal X-Ray
    • BAC - Blood Alcohol Content
    • BE - Barium Enema
    • BMT - Bone Marrow Transplant
    • Bx - Biopsy
    • CABG - Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
    • CBC - Complete Blood Count
    • CFT - Complement Fixation Testing
    • C/S - Cesarean Section
    • CXR - Chest X-Ray
    • ECC - Emergency Cardiac Care
    • ECG or EKG - Electrocardiogram
    • ECMO - Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
    • ECT - Electroconvulsive Therapy
    • ECV - External Cephalic Version
    • FNA - Fine Needle Aspiration
    • FOBT - Fecal Occult Blood Testing
    • FSH - Follicle Stimulating Hormone
    • GLT - Glucose Loading Test
    • GTT - Glucose Tolerance Test
    • H20 - Water
    • HPA - Hypothalamic Suppression Test
    • I&D - Incision and Drainage
    • IUI - Intrauterine Insemination
    • IVF - In Vitro Fertilization
    • KUB - Kidney, Ureter, Bladder (x-ray)
    • OGTT - Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
    • PAP - Pulmonary Artery Pressure, Papanicolaou Test
    • PEEP - Positive end Expiratory Pressure
    • T&C - Type and Cross (blood)
    • TPA - Tissue Plasminogen Activator (dissolve clots), Total Parenteral Alimentation (intravenous nutritional needs)
    • UA - Urinalysis
    • US - Ultrasound
    • WB - Whole Blood
    • WBC - White Blood Cell
    • WNL - Within Normal Limits
    • XRT - External Radiation Therapy

    Abbreviations for Medical Diagnoses or Symptoms

    • ADHD - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
    • AIDS - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
    • ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease)
    • ARDS - Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
    • ARF - Acute Renal Failure, Acute Rheumatic Fever
    • BAD - Bipolar Affective Disorder
    • CA - Cancer
    • CAD - Coronary Artery Disease
    • CF - Cystic Fibrosis
    • C/F - Chills, Fever
    • CHD - Congenital Heart Disease
    • CHF - Congestive Heart Failure
    • COLD - Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
    • COPD - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
    • CP - Chest Pain
    • CP - Cerebral Palsy
    • DTR - Deep Tendon Reflex
    • DVT - Deep Venous Thrombosis
    • EBV - Epstein-Barr Virus
    • ECASA - Enteric Coated Acetylsalicylic Acid
    • EGC - Early Gastric Cancer
    • FAS - Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
    • F/C - Fever, Chills
    • HA - Headache, Hemolytic Anemia
    • HAV - Hepatitis A Virus
    • HBV - Hepatitis B Virus
    • HCV - Hepatitis C Virus
    • HDV - Hepatitis D Virus
    • HIV - Human Immunodeficiency Virus
    • HTN - Hypertension
    • IBD - Inflammatory Bowel Disease
    • IBS - Inflammatory Bowel Syndrome
    • ICP - Intracranial Pressure
    • IDDM - Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
    • IPF - Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
    • JRA - Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
    • JVD - Jugular Venous Distension
    • KS - Kaposi Sarcoma
    • LAD - Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency
    • LBP - Lower Back Pain
    • LBW - Low Birth Weight
    • LIH - Left Inguinal Hernia
    • MD - Muscular Dystrophy
    • MS - Multiple Sclerosis
    • NIDDM - Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
    • OCD - Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
    • ON - Optic Neuritis
    • OSA - Obstructive Sleep Apnea
    • PCOS - Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
    • PD - Parkinson's Disease
    • PE - Pulmonary Embolism
    • PKD - Polycystic Kidney Disease
    • PID - Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
    • PIH - Pregnancy-

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    Medical Technology Code of Ethics PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the Code of Ethics for Medical Technology professionals in the Philippines, based on the Republic Act No. 5527 and the Professional Regulation Commission's Resolution No. 72.

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