Medical Technology and Ethics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What did Hippocrates use to diagnose diseases?

  • Urine tasting and physical examination (correct)
  • Psychological assessment and surveys
  • Observation of blood flow
  • X-ray imaging and laboratory tests

Which body fluid was NOT considered one of the four humors according to ancient beliefs?

  • Black bile
  • Phlegm
  • Saliva (correct)
  • Yellow bile

What was the primary focus of Galen's medical assessments?

  • Direct observation of patients only
  • Psychological evaluations of patients
  • Measurement of body fluids (correct)
  • Patient’s dietary habits

What was a consequence for physicians who failed to examine urine during medieval Europe?

<p>They were subjected to public beatings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant contribution to urinalysis was made around 900 AD?

<p>The first book detailing urine characteristics was written (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which among the following is specifically excluded from the scope of practice for a medical technologist?

<p>Histopathologic techniques by a registered medical laboratory technician (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a necessary requirement for a medical technologist to practice their profession?

<p>Obtaining a professional license (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following professions might also be involved in activities typically performed by medical technologists?

<p>Sanitary engineers and microbiologists (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fundamental principle does the code of ethics for medical technology emphasize?

<p>Acceptance of professional responsibilities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who initially wrote the original version of the medical technology code of ethics?

<p>Dr. Nardito Moraleta (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT describe a responsibility of a medical technologist?

<p>Conducting surgical procedures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be ensured when preparing reagents and standards in a laboratory?

<p>They are for exclusive use in that specific laboratory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which task is outside the typical scope of practice for a medical technologist?

<p>Engaging in illegal activities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who introduced the first human stem cell line?

<p>James Thomson (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Joseph Lister demonstrate about surgical infections?

<p>They are caused by airborne organisms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist is associated with the development of the poliomyelitis vaccine?

<p>Jonas Salk (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist is known for enunciating the law of inherited characteristics through studies on plants?

<p>Gregor Mendel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant contribution did Robert Koch make in 1877?

<p>Presented pictures of bacilli and identified anthrax. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle is emphasized as being highly dependent on various scientific disciplines in medical technology?

<p>Diagnosis of diseases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist introduced steam sterilization in surgery?

<p>Ernst von Bergmann (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did Elie Metchnikoff describe in his studies?

<p>Phagocytes in fighting infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is recognized as the founder of medical technology education in the Philippines?

<p>Mrs. Willa Hilgert-Hedrick (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant development occurred at Manila Sanitarium and Hospital?

<p>Opened the first school of medical technology in the Philippines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of degree did Philippine Union College first offer in Medical Technology?

<p>Five-year Bachelor Degree (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which early pioneer contributed to the establishment of the first complete laboratory in the Philippines?

<p>Mrs. Antoinette Mc Kelvey (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which institution is recognized for offering the first Doctorate Degree in Medical Technology?

<p>University of Santo Tomas (UST) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major contribution did Edward Jenner make to medical science?

<p>Discovered vaccination for smallpox (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of Marie Francois Xavier Bichat's contributions to medical science?

<p>Identified organs by their types of tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following inventions is Karl Landsteiner known for?

<p>Discovery of blood groups (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of laboratory hours for the first three years of the program?

<p>1728 hours (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a general education course listed?

<p>Clinical Bacteriology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of lecture hours per week for a 5-unit subject?

<p>3 hours (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which professional course focuses on the study of blood and its components?

<p>Immunohematology and BB (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many units does a student complete in their first year?

<p>50 units (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the responsibility of the Professional Regulatory Board (PRB)?

<p>Prepare and administer licensure examinations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the program goals, which article mentions the curriculum?

<p>Article V (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of course structure, what does 1 unit of laboratory work equate to in hours?

<p>54 hours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary responsibility of a medical technology professional regarding their conduct?

<p>To follow the law and uphold professional ethics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a medical technologist do before accepting employment from multiple employers?

<p>Ensure there is no conflict of interest (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should medical technologists treat information acquired about individuals during their work?

<p>Keep it confidential unless authorized to disclose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does engaging in a spirit of fairness entail for medical technology professionals?

<p>Acting fairly towards all stakeholders involved (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what manner should a medical technologist conduct a review of the work of other professionals?

<p>Review it without bias and in confidence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is expected from medical technologists when they identify infraction of professional conduct?

<p>Report it to appropriate authorities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a desirable approach for medical technology professionals regarding competition?

<p>Engage in open and honest competition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should criticisms and opinions be expressed by medical technologists?

<p>Within constructive limits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Environmental Disease Theory

The belief that illness arises from an unfavorable interaction between our bodies and the surrounding environment.

Who is Hippocrates?

Ancient Greek physician known for his contributions to medicine, including the Hippocratic Oath, a code of medical ethics.

Who is Galen?

Ancient Greek physician and philosopher who emphasized the importance of examining body fluids to diagnose illness.

What are the four humors?

Four fluids believed to influence health and disease: blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile.

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What is uroscopy?

The practice of examining urine to diagnose disease, which was common during medieval Europe.

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Who is Mrs. Willa Hedrick?

The founding of medical technology education in the Philippines. This person developed the first curriculum and established the first medical technology school.

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What was the first five-year Bachelor of Science degree in Medical Technology?

The first Bachelor of Science degree course in Medical Technology in the Philippines, offered by Philippine Union College.

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Who was the first graduate of the first five-year Bachelor of Science degree in Medical Technology?

The first graduate of the first five-year Bachelor of Science degree course in Medical Technology in the Philippines.

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Where was the first complete laboratory in the Philippines located?

The first complete laboratory in the Philippines.

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Which university is the first in the Philippines to offer a Doctorate Degree in Medical Technology?

The first and only university in the Philippines to offer a Doctorate Degree in Medical Technology.

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Who is Antoni van Leeuwenhoek?

A Dutch scientist who is considered the father of microbiology, known for improving microscopes.

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Who is Karl Landsteiner?

An Austrian physician who discovered the ABO blood group system.

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Who is Edward Jenner?

An English physician who pioneered vaccination against smallpox.

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What is science?

The study of the natural world, including its biological, psychological, and social aspects.

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What is biotechnology in medicine?

The use of biological processes, organisms, or systems for a specific purpose, especially in medicine.

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What is medical technology?

A field that uses scientific principles to develop tools and techniques for diagnosing and treating diseases.

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What is chemistry in medical technology?

The study of the composition, properties, and reactions of matter.

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What is electronics in medical technology?

The science of the flow and control of electricity.

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What is optics in medical technology?

The branch of physics that deals with light and its properties.

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What is mechanics in medical technology?

The study of machines and their motion.

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How are different scientific disciplines connected to medical technology?

Medical technology relies heavily on developments in various scientific disciplines, such as chemistry, electronics, optics, and mechanics.

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Who is a medical technologist?

A professional who performs laboratory tests to diagnose and monitor diseases and to assess a patient's health status.

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What are microbiologic techniques?

Specialized techniques used in the laboratory to isolate and identify microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

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What are histopathologic techniques?

Procedures that involve studying the structure of tissues and cells to diagnose diseases.

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What are blood banking procedures?

Specialized procedures involving collecting and preparing blood for testing, donation, or transfusion.

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What is the code of ethics for medical technologists?

A set of principles and guidelines that govern ethical conduct in the practice of medical technology.

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What are parasitologic techniques?

Procedures that focus on the study of parasites, their identification, and the diseases they cause.

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What are mycologic techniques?

Procedures used to study and diagnose diseases caused by fungi.

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How should a medical technologist act professionally?

A medical technologist should always work with integrity and honesty, ensuring their actions are fair and ethical. They should put the interests of their clients and employer first, treating everyone with respect and fairness.

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What is the importance of confidentiality in medical technology?

Medical technologists are obligated to protect confidential information obtained during their work. This information should only be shared with authorized individuals or entities or with the consent of the person involved.

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What are the legal responsibilities of a medical technologist?

A Medical Technologist must uphold the law and refrain from any illegal activities. They should avoid associating with or participating in businesses that operate outside of the law.

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What are the limitations on accepting multiple employers?

A medical technologist should not accept employment from multiple employers if there is a conflict of interest. This ensures their professional obligations are not compromised.

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What kind of competition is ethical?

It is considered unprofessional to harm or damage a fellow medical technologist's reputation, projects, or business. Competition should be fair and ethical.

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How can a medical technologist contribute to the profession?

Medical technologists should strive to enhance the profession by sharing knowledge and experience with colleagues. They can also contribute to professional organizations to advance the field.

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What are the ethical guidelines when expressing criticism?

Expressing opinions and criticism should be done constructively and without personal gain. This ensures that feedback is helpful and promotes the profession.

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Who should you report a misconduct of professional ethics to?

Whenever a medical technologist encounters a violation of ethical principles or the law, they should report it to the appropriate authorities.

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What are Professional Courses?

These courses are essential for practicing and fulfilling the demands of the Medical Technology profession.

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What are General Education Courses?

These courses provide foundational knowledge across various disciplines, building a strong base for understanding yourself and the world.

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What is the objective of the Medical Technology Curriculum?

The Medical Technology curriculum is designed to equip students with the knowledge, skills, and values necessary to practice effectively.

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What is the role of the PRC in Medical Technology?

The Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) is responsible for administering licensure examinations for various professions, including Medical Technology.

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What is the role of the PRB in Medical Technology?

The Professional Regulatory Board (PRB) develops and administers the written licensure exam for Medical Technology.

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How are units calculated in Medical Technology courses?

A 1-unit lecture translates to 1 hour of class time. A 3-unit lecture equals 3 hours per week, totaling 54 hours per semester (18 weeks). A 1-unit laboratory equates to 3 hours of class.

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Where can I find the Medical Technology Program Goals and Curriculum?

The program's goals are outlined in Article IV, Sections 5.2 and 6.3, and Article V, specifically Section 9.2, which details the program of study, including units, lectures, and laboratory hours.

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What is the focus of the Medical Technology Program?

The program's curriculum is focused on providing students with the necessary knowledge and skills to become competent medical technologists. The program encompasses a comprehensive range of subjects, including general education courses and specialized professional courses.

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Study Notes

History of Medical Technology Profession

  • Disease was believed to be caused by negative interaction between the environment and the body

Hippocrates

  • Father of medicine
  • Author of Hippocratic Oath

Galen

  • Greek physician and philosopher
  • Initiated a rudimentary and qualitative assessment of disorders through body fluid measurement
  • Body fluids (also called the four humors):
    • Blood
    • Phlegm
    • Yellow bile
    • Black bile
  • Urine analysis was advocated for diagnosis
    • Appearance of bubbles, blood, and pus indicated kidney or chronic illnesses
    • Relationship between fluid intake and urine volume (more water = more urine, less water = less urine) was observed

Medieval Europe

  • Diagnosis by water casting (uroscopy) was common.
  • Patients submitted urine in decorative flasks for examination.
  • Physicians who failed urine analysis were punished publicly

900 AD

  • First book detailing characteristics of urine (color, density, quality) was written

Early 11th Century

  • Medical practitioners were not allowed to conduct physical examinations of patients
  • Relied on patient symptom description

18th Century

  • Mechanical techniques and cadaver dissection were used for more objective diagnosis.

19th Century

  • Physicians started using machines for diagnosis
  • John Hutchinson's spirometer: Measures vital capacity of lungs
  • Jules Herisson's sphygmomanometer: Measures blood pressure
  • Chemical analysis (chemistry) of urine and body fluids became very useful in diagnosis.
  • Transition from general practice to specialization

1969

  • Increase in patients and medical knowledge led to an increase in the need for specialty care
  • Complex machinery/equipment use in medical practice required technical expertise, resulting in cooperative arrangements
  • Medical service became organized in hospitals
  • Large amount of data required for diagnosis and treatment

Mid-1800s

  • Laboratories designed for analyzing medical specimens were organized by chemical experts

Mid-1900s

  • Technical laboratories regulated by the CDC were used for medical diagnostics (in the US)

20th Century

  • Advancements in basic sciences and integration of scientific/technological discoveries led to advancements in medical technology.
  • Medical technology made an impact on surgical procedures.
  • Use of electron microscopes for visualization of small cells, including tumor cells.
  • Development of tomography and magnetic resonance imaging

History of Medical Technology in the United States

  • Establishment of the first clinical laboratories and laboratory practice marked growth.
  • 1895: University of Pennsylvania opened William Pepper Laboratory of Clinical Medicine

1918

  • John Kolmer called for methods to certify medical technologists nationally
  • Published "The Demand for and Training of Laboratory Technicians"

1920

  • State legislature of Pennsylvania enacted a law requiring all hospitals and institutions to have a fully equipped laboratory and staff a laboratory technician

1922

  • American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) was founded (for fostering cooperation between physicians, clinical pathologists and maintaining standards for clinical pathologists)

1950s

  • Medical technologists in the US sought professional recognition through licensure laws

History of Medical Technology Profession in the Philippines

  • Dominicans founded the University of Santo Tomas (UST) in 1611

  • First faculties of pharmacy and medicine were established in 1871

  • 1886: Boletin de Medesina de Manila

  • 1893: Revista Farmaceutica de Filipinas

  • 1895: Cronicas de Ciencas Medicas

1876-1883

  • Central board of vaccination started producing vaccines
  • Medical officers were appointed for healthcare
  • Board of Health and charity was established (later expanded)

1886

  • Laboratorio Municipal de Manila was established

1898

  • Spanish military hospital converted to first reserve hospital in the Philippines

1901

  • Bureau of Government (Government) Laboratories established

1915

  • Bureau of Health reorganized into Philippine Science (1933: reverted to Bureau of Health; 1947: DOH)
  • UP-College of Public Health offered certificate in public health program (1927)

World War II

  • Medical laboratory unit of US Army provided medical services during World War II
  • 26th medical laboratory established in the Philippines.

1944-1950s

  • High school graduate training as laboratory technicians began (1944)
  • National Department of Health took over clinical lab in 1945, but became nonfunctional
  • Manila Public Health Laboratory was established (1945)
  • 6-month laboratory training program (1954)
  • First school of medical technology in Philippines (Manila Sanitarium and Hospital, 1950s)
  • First Medical Technology degree (1955)

Pioneering Medical Technologists

  • The listed individuals made substantial contributions in their specific fields (e.g. microbiology, immunology, etc.).

1980s/1990s

  • Nuclear Medicine: Nuclear Medical Technologists are health care professionals that work alongside nuclear physicians, applying physics knowledge to limit radiation exposure, and utilizing instruments for measurement.

General Information

  • Ethics in Medical Technology includes: Definition, Competence, Informed Consent, Privacy, Confidentiality, Beneficence and Nonmaleficence, Integrity, Fidelity and Responsibility, Health Ethics, Ethical Issues in Health Care (e.g. patient privacy, disease transmission).

Defining the Practice of Other Personnel in Medical Technology

  • Pathologists
  • Medical Laboratory Technicians
  • Phlebotomists
  • Cytotechnologists
  • Histotechnologists

Medical Terminologies

  • Defining the main parts of medical terms (roots, prefixes, suffixes)
  • Examples for various terminologies
  • Providing examples of singular and plural forms.

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History Of Medical Technology Profession PDF

Description

Test your knowledge of medical technology, ethics, and the history of urinalysis. This quiz covers key concepts such as the four humors, the role of medical technologists, and important historical contributions. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand the foundations of medical science.

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