Medical Semiology Semester 5 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following are characteristic features of congenital hypothyroidism?

  • Rapid growth
  • Increased physical activity
  • Hyperactive behavior
  • Dry skin (correct)

    • What skeletal deformity is commonly associated with rickets?

  • Excessively curved spine
  • Flat feet
  • Fractured bones
  • Bowing of the legs (correct)

    • What is the primary cause of pituitary gigantism?

  • Hypersecretion of growth hormone (correct)
  • Excessive sleep
  • Genetic mutations
  • Vitamin D deficiency

    • Which of the following is NOT a common feature of rickets?

    <p>Macroglossia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which endocrine disorder is associated with disharmonious dwarfism?

    <p>Congenital myxedema (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are considered positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

    <p>Hallucinations and delusions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom must be present to diagnose schizophrenia?

    <p>Delusions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

    <p>Lack of motivation and lessened emotional expression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long must symptoms persist for a diagnosis of schizophrenia?

    <p>6 months (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of hallucinations in schizophrenia?

    <p>Auditory hallucinations are especially common (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a symptom listed for schizophrenia?

    <p>Hypermnesia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is classified as a positive symptom in schizophrenia?

    <p>Disorganized thought (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does catatonic behaviour refer to in the context of schizophrenia?

    <p>Lack of movement and responsiveness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hyperkinesia characterized by?

    <p>Excessive psychomotor activity beyond the normal range (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which condition may psychomotor unrest occur?

    <p>Schizophrenia with unpredictable agitation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes stupor in consciousness disorders?

    <p>Severe time-space disorientation and amnesia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of obnubilation?

    <p>Bradypsychia and improper movement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about sleepiness or torpor is true?

    <p>It occurs during phases of overstress or fever (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates psychomotor unrest from hyperkinesia?

    <p>Psychomotor unrest includes unrestrained and exaggerated actions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT related to disorders of consciousness?

    <p>Consistent high levels of energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic symptom of mania in relation to psychomotor activity?

    <p>Rapidly changing, expressive gestures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes paranoid systematic delusions?

    <p>Conviction of malevolent intentions from others (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes athymia?

    <p>Complete abolition of emotions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anxiety is characterized by which of the following symptoms?

    <p>Fear without reason and neurovegetative symptoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is most closely associated with hypothymia?

    <p>Posttraumatic stress disorders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does positive hyperthymia manifest as?

    <p>Euphoria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following defines micromania in delusional disorders?

    <p>Underestimation of one's own person and abilities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which emotional disorder is characterized by excessive emotional responses?

    <p>Hyperthymia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of anxiety is specifically linked to underlying organic diseases?

    <p>Angor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is characterized by the presence of recurrent thoughts or images that the patient struggles to eliminate?

    <p>Obsession (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fear is associated with a phobia?

    <p>A fear that the patient recognizes as irrational (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

    <p>Excessive focus on superstitious thoughts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT typically associated with an obsession?

    <p>Persistent happiness about one's condition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes prevalent ideas from obsessions?

    <p>Prevalent ideas organize the entire behavior of a person. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of delirium?

    <p>Firm belief in false ideas despite evidence to the contrary (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following phobias specifically refers to the fear of animals?

    <p>Zoophobia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical condition can lead to the states of prevalent ideas, delirium, and obsessions?

    <p>Personality changes and infectious diseases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a syndrome?

    <p>It consists of a group of symptoms and signs that occur together. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates a disorder from a disease?

    <p>A disorder indicates a possibility of a specific disease without enough evidence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about diseases?

    <p>Diseases are established conditions with defined reasons behind them. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best describes the relationship between a syndrome, disease, and disorder?

    <p>A syndrome is distinct from disease and disorder but can equal a disease with a proper name. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical feature of a disease as defined in the content?

    <p>It affects the structure or function of an organism. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly states what a syndrome is not?

    <p>A syndrome is not a medical condition with specific causes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary definition of paraclinical explorations?

    <p>Include any tests that assist in diagnosing a disease. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What implication does the term 'condition' in medical terminology usually refer to?

    <p>A medical issue that shows symptoms without establishing a diagnosis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the distinctive facial aspect associated with specific medical conditions?

    <p>Facies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three primary types of somatic development according to Hippocrates’ classification?

    <p>Choleric, Melancholic, Phlegmatic, Sanguine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes a decrease in muscle volume?

    <p>Muscle hypotrophy (Muscular atrophy, amyotrophy)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs of meningeal irritation?

    <p>Kernig’s sign (A), Brudzinski’s sign (B), Opisthotonos (C), Photophobia (D), Nuchal rigidity (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a spontaneous abnormal sensation that is not unduly painful?

    <p>Paresthesia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a critical mental illness characterized by a loss of contact with reality and deep disturbance of relationships with other people?

    <p>Psychosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main symptoms that define a psychotic episode?

    <p>Confused + disturbed thoughts (A), Hallucinations (C), Delusions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a rapid succession of ideas in a manic episode?

    <p>Flight of ideas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bradypsychia is a decrease of thinking rhythm, also known as slow thought.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main types of syncope?

    <p>Cardiac (A), Neuropsychiatric (B), Metabolic (C), Vascular (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a sudden, transient loss of consciousness and muscle tone that is usually triggered by a decrease in blood flow to the brain?

    <p>Syncope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lypothymia is a mild, incomplete loss of consciousness lasting a few minutes.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a state of long-term loss of consciousness, from which the patient cannot be woken?

    <p>Coma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes a condition in which the patient is still able to respond "primitively" but is not fully conscious?

    <p>Precoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Glasgow Coma Scale is used to assess the level of consciousness and coma.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the key types of anxiety disorder?

    <p>Social Anxiety Disorder (A), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (B), Specific Phobia (C), Agoraphobia (D), Panic Disorder (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a general lack of growth in the body, arms, and legs, often referred to as "harmonic" dwarfism?

    <p>Proportionate short stature (PSS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a type of dwarfism characterized by rhizomelic shortening of the limbs, macrocephaly, and a prominent forehead, often referred to as "Basset" dwarfism?

    <p>Achondroplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the increase in size and weight of an individual, often due to an excess of growth hormone before the bones have fully matured?

    <p>Gigantism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Muscle volume changes can be assessed through static, dynamic, and palpatory means.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the common causes of generalized muscle hypotrophy?

    <p>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (A), Neuropathy (B), Muscular dystrophy (C), Lack of physical activity (D), Stroke (E), Guillain-Barré syndrome (F), Long-term corticosteroid therapy (G), Aging (H), Malnutrition (I), Spinal cord injuries (J), Alcohol-associated myopathy (K), Dermatomyositis, polymyositis (L)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes an involuntary movement that occurs at rest and is often characterized by a "pill-rolling" action?

    <p>Resting tremor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the sustained rhythmic contractions of a muscle that are associated with hyperactive reflexes and are often seen in patients with upper motor neuron disorders?

    <p>Clonus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes a series of involuntary, stereotyped, repetitive movements that affect synergistic muscles?

    <p>Tics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle?

    <p>Muscle tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypertonia is characterized by increased resistance to passive mobilization until a limit is reached, at which point the resistance stops suddenly.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypotonia is characterized by a decrease in muscle tone, often seen in conditions such as peripheral motor neuron lesions and cerebellar injury.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes an involuntary, unplanned sequence or action that occurs in response to a stimulus and is not controlled by conscious thought?

    <p>Reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the types of reflexes?

    <p>Cutaneous + mucosea reflexes (A), Spinal reflexes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The muscle stretch response is a type of spinal reflex that is elicited by briskly tapping the tendon, causing a stretch of the muscle fibers, which then activates sensory fibers.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes a condition in which the patient's gait is unsteady, characterized by wide base, irregular step size, and difficulties maintaining orthostatism with eyes closed?

    <p>Sensory ataxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes a condition where the patient drags the feet or compensatorily lifts them high to avoid dragging them, due to peroneal neuropathy?

    <p>Steppage gait (Drop foot gait)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes a condition where the patient walks with small steps, slowly, stiffly, and often crosses the legs at every step, due to bilateral lesions of the central motor neuron?

    <p>Scissors gait</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes a condition where the patient's gait is characterized by short shuffling steps with a narrow base, reduced balance of the upper limbs, and a "return-en-block" movement, due to lesions of the cerebellum or associated tracts?

    <p>Parkinsonian gait</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes a condition where the patient's gait is unsteady, characterized by wide base, uneven steps, and difficulty turning?

    <p>Cerebellar ataxic gait</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes a condition where the patient has a waddle-type gait due to atrophy of the pelvic girdle muscles?

    <p>Myopathic gait (Trendelenburg)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition that is characterized by a body temperature above the normal range due to an increase in the body's temperature set point?

    <p>Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the common causes of fever?

    <p>STDs (A), Cancer (B), Drug abuse (C), UTI (D), Vaccination (E), Gastroenteritis (F), Dehydration (G), Overheating of body (H), Certain medications (I), Viral infections (J), Sinusitis (K), Autoimmune disease (L), Malaria (M), Pneumonia (N), Alcohol withdrawal (O), Skin infections (P), Rheumatoid arthritis (Q), Chickenpox (R)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an elevation of body temperature that is not regulated by the hypothalamic set point and can be caused by factors such as drugs, heat stroke, or malignant hyperthermia?

    <p>Hyperthermia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a dangerously low body temperature?

    <p>Hypothermia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition that is characterized by an increase in the anteroposterior diameter of the chest?

    <p>Barrel chest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition in which a patient experiences shortness of breath when lying flat but improves when sitting or standing up?

    <p>Orthopnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition in which a patient experiences shortness of breath when standing but improves when lying down?

    <p>Platypnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition that is characterized by the absence of breathing for 10 seconds or more?

    <p>Apnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition in which the patient has difficulty breathing and often feels like they are gasping for air?

    <p>Dyspnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the sensation of having to clear the airways by inhaling and then forcefully expelling the air?

    <p>Cough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the expectoration of blood derived from the lungs or airways?

    <p>Hemoptysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The presence of a "Hampton hump" on a chest radiograph can be indicative of a pulmonary embolism.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive method that allows for the monitoring of a patient's oxygenation level and provides information about their ventilation status.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for any abnormal secretion produced in or expectorated from the bronchopulmonary system?

    <p>Sputum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sputum examination is not a reliable tool for identifying the causative agent in acute pulmonary infections.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition that is characterized by the formation of cavities containing necrotic debris/fluid in the lungs?

    <p>Lung abscess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A lung abscess can be either primary or secondary, depending on the cause of the infection.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition characterized by an abnormal permanent enlargement of airspaces distal to terminal bronchioles and destruction of lung parenchyma, with or without obvious fibrosis?

    <p>Emphysema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most common cause of emphysema is smoking.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the hypertrophic remodeling of the right ventricle secondary to a lung disorder, which can lead to right-sided heart failure?

    <p>Cor pulmonale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a well-delimited, air-filled cavity that results after liquid content is eliminated from a preexisting pulmonary lesion?

    <p>Cavitary syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition characterized by the inflammation of the alveolar space and/or interstitium, leading to consolidation, but not a single disease, but rather a spectrum of diseases?

    <p>Pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pulmonary infarction is a complication of a pulmonary embolism.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition characterized by a chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory airways, characterized by bronchial hyperreactivity, and a variable degree of reversible airway obstruction?

    <p>Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Status asthmaticus, is a severe exacerbation of asthma that can be life-threatening.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a chronic lung disease characterized by irreversible dilatation of the bronchial tree and is often a consequence of other respiratory disorders?

    <p>Bronchiectasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a collection of fluid in the pleural space, the space between the lungs and the chest wall?

    <p>Pleural effusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a non-invasive method that allows for the monitoring of the oxygenation of a patient's hemoglobin?

    <p>Pulse oximetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition that is characterized by the inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree?

    <p>Bronchitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition that is characterized by a chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory airways, in which the airways are persistently narrowed or blocked?

    <p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition that is characterized by the obstruction of the trachea?

    <p>Tracheal syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition that is characterized by the inflammation of the larynx?

    <p>Croup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition characterized by the destruction of alveolar walls without obvious fibrosis, which leads to an abnormal permanent enlargement of airspaces distal to terminal bronchioles?

    <p>Emphysema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition characterized by the formation of cavities in the lungs, which often contain necrotic debris and fluid?

    <p>Lung abscess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition characterized by the acute obliteration of a branch of the pulmonary artery, which can lead to a consolidation syndrome?

    <p>Pulmonary infarction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most common cause of pulmonary infarction is a pulmonary embolism.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the expectoration of blood that is derived from the lungs or airways?

    <p>Hemoptysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the measurement of the amount (volume) and/or speed (flow) of air that can be inhaled and exhaled?

    <p>Spirometry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a non-invasive method that allows for the monitoring of the oxygenation of a patient's hemoglobin by measuring the absorption of red and infrared light?

    <p>Pulse oximetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes a procedure in which a hollow needle is inserted into the chest to remove fluid or air from the pleural space?

    <p>Thoracentesis (pleural tap)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition that is characterized by the presence of consolidation, but not a single disease, but rather a spectrum of diseases?

    <p>Pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia is streptococcus pneumoniae.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition that is characterized by the presence of multiple focal areas of consolidation in the lungs?

    <p>Bronchopneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition characterized by inflammation of the alveoli, alveolar wall, and spaces between these structures that is caused by atypical organisms?

    <p>Atypical pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most common cause of bronchiectasis is cigarette smoking.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition characterized by the presence of a chronic cough and sputum production for at least 3 months per year for 2 consecutive years?

    <p>Chronic bronchitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition that is characterized by the irreversible dilatation of the bronchial tree and is often a consequence of other respiratory disorders?

    <p>Bronchiectasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition that is characterized by the abnormal permanent enlargement of airspaces distal to terminal bronchioles, with destruction of alveolar walls, without obvious fibrosis?

    <p>Emphysema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Clubbing of digits is a common finding in patients with COPD.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the condition characterized by the hypertrophic remodeling of the right ventricle, often due to pulmonary hypertension, secondary to lung disorders?

    <p>Cor pulmonale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition that is characterized by well-delimited air-filled cavities in the lungs, which often result from a preexisting pulmonary lesion after liquid content is eliminated?

    <p>Cavitary syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Positive Sensory Symptoms

    Experiences of sensations that aren't objectively present, such as tingling, buzzing, or flashes of light.

    Negative Sensory Symptoms

    A loss of normal sensory function, such as numbness or decreased sensitivity to touch.

    Illusions

    Misinterpretations of real sensory input, such as mistaking a shadow for a person.

    Hallucinations

    Experiences of sensory perceptions without any external stimuli, such as seeing, hearing, or smelling things that aren't there.

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    Amnesia

    Memory loss, partial or complete, often due to trauma or illness.

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    Formal Thought Disorders

    Problems with the structure and organization of thought processes.

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    Content Thought Disorders

    Problems with the content or subject matter of thoughts, such as obsessions or delusions.

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    Delirium

    Disturbance of consciousness and cognitive abilities, often temporary and caused by medical conditions.

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    Syncope

    A temporary loss of consciousness due to a brief interruption in blood flow to the brain.

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    Vascular Syncope

    Syncope caused by inadequate blood flow to the brain due to a problem in the blood vessels.

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    Cardiac Syncope

    Syncope caused by a problem in the heart's ability to pump blood effectively.

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    Syndrome

    A group of symptoms and signs consistently occurring together, suggesting several diseases but lacking a clear cause.

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    Disease

    A medical condition with specific signs and symptoms and a clear reason. It's a distinct, measurable health problem.

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    Disorder

    Suggests a possible disease, but not enough information for a diagnosis.

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    Lung Abscess

    A collection of pus in the lung.

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    Pulmonary Infarction

    Blockage of blood supply to the lung.

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    Lung Tumors

    Abnormal growths in the lung tissue.

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    Pulmonary Hyperinflation Syndrome

    A condition where the lungs excessively inflate, leading to problems with air exchange.

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    Pulmonary Emphysema

    A lung condition where air sacs are damaged, making breathing difficult.

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    Obstructive Lung Disease

    Conditions that impede airflow through the lungs.

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    COPD

    Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; a group of lung diseases making breathing difficult.

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    Cor Pulmonale

    Heart disease caused by high blood pressure in the arteries connected to the lungs.

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    Cavitary Syndrome

    A set of symptoms related to pockets (cavities) forming in lung tissue.

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    Schizophrenia

    A mental illness affecting thought processes, emotions, and behavior, requiring experiencing at least 2 of 5 symptoms for 6 months, including one from the first 3.

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    Psychosis

    An episode of detachment from reality, a symptom of various conditions like sleep deprivation and mental illness.

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    Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

    Presence of abnormal behaviors, including hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, and bizarre behaviors.

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    Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia

    Absence of healthy behaviors, such as flat affect, reduced social interaction, anhedonia, avolition, alogia, and catatonia.

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    Hallucinations

    Experiencing sensory perceptions without external stimulation (e.g., hearing voices).

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    Delusions

    Fixed false beliefs that are strongly held despite evidence to the contrary (e.g., persecutory delusions).

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    Hypermnesia

    Quick, rich, involuntary recollections, often appearing in cases of fever, intoxication, PTSD, OCD, paranoia.

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    Hypomnesia

    Diminished memory function

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    Prevalent Ideas

    A set of ideas that strongly influence a person's behavior, which the person believes and seeks to defend, often rejecting contradictory arguments.

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    Obsession

    A persistent, unwelcome idea or image that a person tries to resist.

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    Phobia

    An excessive and unreasonable fear of a specific situation or object.

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    OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder)

    A mental health condition marked by repetitive, intrusive thoughts and behaviors intended to reduce distress.

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    Delirium (Idea)

    A false belief, firmly held by a person who's unable to be convinced of their falsity by logic.

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    Congenital Hypothyroidism

    A condition where the thyroid gland doesn't develop properly at birth, leading to insufficient thyroid hormone production.

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    Congenital Myxedema

    Severe form of congenital hypothyroidism, marked by accumulation of protein in the tissues.

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    Disharmonious Dwarfism

    Short stature with uneven development of different body parts.

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    Rickets

    A disease of bone development due to vitamin D deficiency.

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    Gigantism

    Excessive growth before bones stop growing, usually due to excess growth hormone.

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    Acquired Hypothyroidism

    Hypothyroidism developing later in life, causing slowed growth and weight gain.

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    Hyperkinesia

    Excessive psychomotor activity beyond the normal range, often seen in manic states.

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    Psychomotor Unrest

    An extreme form of hyperkinesia, characterized by unrestrained, exaggerated actions and gestures.

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    Consciousness Disorders

    Conditions related to the degree of presence in one's environment and response to external stimuli, ranging from sleepiness to loss of consciousness.

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    Sleepiness/Torpor

    A mild consciousness disorder, where the individual is drowsy, speaks with a slurred or weak voice, and responds poorly to questions.

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    Obnubilation

    A more severe consciousness disorder, characterized by slowed thinking, movements, and difficulties with time-space orientation.

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    Stupor

    A very severe consciousness disorder with time-space disorientation, fixed gaze, and amnesia, though reflexive activity is often normal.

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    Paranoid Systematic Psychosis

    A type of psychosis where the individual has strong beliefs about malevolent intentions or persecution by others.

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    Expansive Systematic Psychosis

    A type of psychosis where the individual has inflated self-importance and grand ideas.

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    Micromania Systematic Psychosis

    A type of psychosis marked by feelings of inadequacy and self-deprecation.

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    Non-systematic Psychosis

    A type of psychosis characterized by disorganized and illogical thoughts.

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    Hypothymia

    A lessening of emotional response, ranging from mild to severe.

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    Athymia (Apathy)

    Complete absence of emotions.

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    Hyperthymia

    Excessive emotional response, ranging from euphoria to sadness.

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    Anxiety

    Unfounded fear with physical symptoms and unrealistic expectations.

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    Study Notes

    Medical Semiology Lectures - Semester 5

    • Course content covers general information, definitions, history taking, and physical examination of mental state and related sensory and perceptual disorders.
    • It also covers memory disorders, thought disorders, emotional disorders, activity/motor disorders, and consciousness disorders including syncope and coma.
    • The course also includes constitutional type and stature development plus static and dynamic changes.
    • It includes discussion of reflexes, muscle power, coordination, stance, balance and facial changes.
    • Finally it includes discussion of skin (structural) lesions, primary + secondary lesions, vascular changes, and integumentary system, hair and nails.

    History Taking

    • Identifying data: name, age, gender, place of birth, marital status, occupation, medical record
    • Source of history: patient, family member, friend, officer, medical record
    • Reliability of information
    • Chief complaint: main cause for which the patient is seeking healthcare – clearly enumerated symptoms by body system (digestive, cardiovascular, respiratory...)
    • History of present illness: timeline and kind of onset (sudden, progressive); periods, potential causes.
    • Past history: childhood illnesses, chronic conditions, adult illnesses, medical, surgical, obstetric, gynecologic, psychiatric; family history, social history, personal + social history and pertinent health maintenance data
    • Medications, allergies, tobacco, alcohol, drug use, home remedies, frequency of use + triggers & symptoms
    • Review of systems

    Physical Examination

    • Mental state: general aspect (personal hygiene, clothing), emotional status (worried, indifferent), body language (posture, visual contact, facial expression), state of consciousness (oriented in time and space)
    • Constitutional type and stature development (measuring height, body mass etc)
    • Static and dynamic changes: (posture, movement, balance, coordination, etc)
    • Face + cephalic extremity (facies, segmental changes of cephalic extremity)
    • Skin + mucous membranes
    • Integumentary system – hair + nails
    • Subcutaneous tissue, nutrition, subcutaneous edema, circulatory status + lymph nodes
    • Muscular, osteoarticular and other systems
    • Body temperature

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    Related Documents

    Medical Semiology Lectures PDF 2022/23

    Description

    This quiz covers key concepts from the Medical Semiology course in Semester 5, including history taking, mental state examination, and various sensory and perceptual disorders. It also includes topics on memory, thought, emotional, and activity disorders. Test your knowledge on reflexes, skin lesions, and the integumentary system.

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