Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a hallmark feature of a venous lake?
Which of the following is a hallmark feature of a venous lake?
- Compression collapses lesions (correct)
- Soft compressible
- Single, firm 2 to 6 mm painful, red to white nodule
- Pedunculated or projectile
What is the most common location for sebaceous hyperplasia to occur?
What is the most common location for sebaceous hyperplasia to occur?
- Neck, axillary, groin, eyelids
- Vermillion border of lip, ear
- Lateral surface of the helix, antihelix
- Face - glabella (correct)
What is the differential diagnosis for a sebaceous hyperplasia?
What is the differential diagnosis for a sebaceous hyperplasia?
- Basal cell carcinoma, HSV, Molluscum (correct)
- Actinic keratosis, keratoacanthoma
- Blue nevus, malignant melanoma, tattoo
- Seborrheic keratosis, dermal nevi, warts
What condition is characterized by a white or gray ring at the corneal margin, commonly seen in older adults?
What condition is characterized by a white or gray ring at the corneal margin, commonly seen in older adults?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an ocular emergency?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an ocular emergency?
What is a positive result for the tuning fork test?
What is a positive result for the tuning fork test?
What type of hearing loss is indicated when bone conduction is longer than air conduction?
What type of hearing loss is indicated when bone conduction is longer than air conduction?
Which of the following cranial nerves are associated with otalgia (ear pain)?
Which of the following cranial nerves are associated with otalgia (ear pain)?
When examining the ear of a child under the age of 3, what direction should the ear be pulled?
When examining the ear of a child under the age of 3, what direction should the ear be pulled?
In the Romberg test, what does the patient's ability to maintain balance without swaying indicate?
In the Romberg test, what does the patient's ability to maintain balance without swaying indicate?
What is the normal result for the whisper test?
What is the normal result for the whisper test?
Where should the tympanic membrane light reflex be seen?
Where should the tympanic membrane light reflex be seen?
What is the main function of the inner ear?
What is the main function of the inner ear?
What is the most prevalent cause of itchiness in elderly individuals?
What is the most prevalent cause of itchiness in elderly individuals?
What is a characteristic feature of stasis dermatitis?
What is a characteristic feature of stasis dermatitis?
In a Corneal Light Reflex test, what is the expected finding when the light source is shone into the eyes?
In a Corneal Light Reflex test, what is the expected finding when the light source is shone into the eyes?
Which skin condition is often overlooked in geriatric ocular examinations?
Which skin condition is often overlooked in geriatric ocular examinations?
What is the proper technique for examining the ears of a child under the age of three?
What is the proper technique for examining the ears of a child under the age of three?
Which of the following is a hallmark feature of seborrheic keratosis?
Which of the following is a hallmark feature of seborrheic keratosis?
A yellow tinged tympanic membrane is a sign of what?
A yellow tinged tympanic membrane is a sign of what?
What is the most common location for cherry angiomas?
What is the most common location for cherry angiomas?
Which of the following could cause conductive hearing loss?
Which of the following could cause conductive hearing loss?
Which of the following acronyms encompasses all components of a client's subjective experience?
Which of the following acronyms encompasses all components of a client's subjective experience?
What does the Weber test assess?
What does the Weber test assess?
Which of these is an example of objective data in SOAP documentation?
Which of these is an example of objective data in SOAP documentation?
Which of the following is considered part of a patient's past medical history?
Which of the following is considered part of a patient's past medical history?
In a Rinne test, what does it indicate if the patient hears the sound longer through air conduction than through bone conduction?
In a Rinne test, what does it indicate if the patient hears the sound longer through air conduction than through bone conduction?
What is the primary function of the middle ear?
What is the primary function of the middle ear?
Which of the following is NOT a possible cause of otalgia?
Which of the following is NOT a possible cause of otalgia?
A patient reports that they have been experiencing a gradual decline in hearing over the past few years. This is most likely due to:
A patient reports that they have been experiencing a gradual decline in hearing over the past few years. This is most likely due to:
During a Weber test, a patient reports hearing a tone louder in their left ear. This indicates:
During a Weber test, a patient reports hearing a tone louder in their left ear. This indicates:
A patient has a yellow tinged tympanic membrane. What is a likely diagnosis?
A patient has a yellow tinged tympanic membrane. What is a likely diagnosis?
A patient's tympanic membrane appears opaque. What is the most likely cause?
A patient's tympanic membrane appears opaque. What is the most likely cause?
During a Rinne test, a patient hears the tuning fork longer when it is placed on the mastoid process than when held near the ear. This indicates:
During a Rinne test, a patient hears the tuning fork longer when it is placed on the mastoid process than when held near the ear. This indicates:
A patient's tympanic membrane appears to lack flexibility. This is most likely to cause:
A patient's tympanic membrane appears to lack flexibility. This is most likely to cause:
During a whisper test, a patient correctly identifies less than 50% of the whispered words. What is the most likely explanation?
During a whisper test, a patient correctly identifies less than 50% of the whispered words. What is the most likely explanation?
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of hearing loss?
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of hearing loss?
What is the most common type of eyelid malignancy?
What is the most common type of eyelid malignancy?
What is the primary cause of a Chalazion?
What is the primary cause of a Chalazion?
Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting visual images to the brain?
Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting visual images to the brain?
A patient presents with double vision when looking downward. Which cranial nerve is most likely affected?
A patient presents with double vision when looking downward. Which cranial nerve is most likely affected?
What does the second number in a visual acuity test represent?
What does the second number in a visual acuity test represent?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of a Hordeolum (Stye)?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of a Hordeolum (Stye)?
What is the primary purpose of the Fluorescein Stain Technique?
What is the primary purpose of the Fluorescein Stain Technique?
What is the primary purpose of eyelid eversion?
What is the primary purpose of eyelid eversion?
Flashcards
Endotropion
Endotropion
Inward turning of the eyelid margin and lashes toward the eye surface.
Exotropion
Exotropion
Outward turning of the eyelid margin and lashes away from the eye.
Hordeolum (Stye)
Hordeolum (Stye)
A bacterial infection at the eyelash follicle causing tenderness and swelling.
Chalazion
Chalazion
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Cranial Nerve III
Cranial Nerve III
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Vertical Diplopia
Vertical Diplopia
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Fluorescein Stain Technique
Fluorescein Stain Technique
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Corneal Reflex Test
Corneal Reflex Test
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Acrochordon
Acrochordon
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Venous lake
Venous lake
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Sebaceous hyperplasia
Sebaceous hyperplasia
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Chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis
Chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis
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RSVP mnemonic for eye exams
RSVP mnemonic for eye exams
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SOAP
SOAP
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HPI
HPI
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Old CARTS
Old CARTS
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Rash Causes in Elderly
Rash Causes in Elderly
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Xerosis
Xerosis
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Rosacea
Rosacea
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Seborrheic Keratosis
Seborrheic Keratosis
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Cherry Angioma
Cherry Angioma
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Air Conduction vs. Bone Conduction
Air Conduction vs. Bone Conduction
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Positive Test Result
Positive Test Result
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Conductive Hearing Loss
Conductive Hearing Loss
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Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Sensorineural Hearing Loss
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Whisper Test
Whisper Test
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Romberg Test
Romberg Test
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Ear Anatomy
Ear Anatomy
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Tympanic Membrane Light Reflex
Tympanic Membrane Light Reflex
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Opaque Tympanic Membrane
Opaque Tympanic Membrane
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Air Bubbles Behind Tympanic Membrane
Air Bubbles Behind Tympanic Membrane
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Lack of Tympanic Membrane Flexibility
Lack of Tympanic Membrane Flexibility
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Weber Test
Weber Test
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Rinne Test
Rinne Test
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Presbycusis
Presbycusis
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Corneal Abrasion
Corneal Abrasion
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Corneal Light Reflex Test
Corneal Light Reflex Test
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Cover/Uncover Test
Cover/Uncover Test
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Otalgia
Otalgia
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Tympanic Membrane (TM) Reflex
Tympanic Membrane (TM) Reflex
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Symptoms of Otitis Media
Symptoms of Otitis Media
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Study Notes
Health History and SOAP Documentation
- SOAP stands for subjective, objective, assessment, plan
- Old carts (onset, location, duration, characteristics, alleviating/aggravating factors, radiation or relieving pain, timing, severity)
- HPI (history of present illness)
- PQRST (precipitation, quality, radiation, severity, timing) for remembering components
- Client outcomes (character, location, impact, expectation, neglect, timing, other, understanding/beliefs, treatment, complementary options, modulating, exposure, spirituality)
- Subjective data from the patient includes review of systems(ROS)
- Objective data (assessment) is taken by the practitioner
- Past medical history is not relevant to the current visit, even if the patient has a comorbidity
Common Geriatric Skin Lesions
- Xerosis: abnormal epidermal cell turnover, most common cause of itching in elders
- Stasis dermatitis: dry, itchy skin of lower extremities; related to superficial varicose veins and vascular impediments; resulting in edema and pressure manifest as eruptions. The inflamed skin might be ulcerated and accompanied by chronic changes.
Common Geriatric Skin Tumors
- Seborrheic Keratosis: stuck-on appearance, varying color and dryness; waxy with pebbly or verrucous surface
- Differential Diagnosis: pigmented basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas, malignant melanoma, lentigo, wart, actinic keratosis
- Cherry angioma (senile angioma): smooth, firm, deep red; increasing with age
- Differential Diagnosis: petechiae
- Acrochordon (skin tag): soft, compressible, pedunculated, or projectile
- Differential Diagnosis: seborrheic keratosis, dermal nevi, warts
- Venous lake: vermillion border of lip, ear; compression collapses lesions; Differential diagnosis: blue nevus, malignant melanoma, tattoo
Eye Exam
- Eye Assessment; RSVP (Redness, Sensitivity to light, Vision loss, Pain)
- Any sudden vision loss is a medical emergency
- Arcus senilis: white or gray ring at corneal margin; common in older adults due to fat deposits in the cornea or hyaline degeneration
- Pterygium: wedge-shaped, raised conjunctival growth often extending from the nasal side; usually related to chronic irritation
- Endotropion: inward turning of the lid margin and lashes towards the eye surface; more common with advancing age
- Exotropion: outward turning of the lid margin and lashes away from the eye; more common with advancing age
- Hordeolum (Stye): infection at the root of an eyelash follicle or oil gland of the eyelid, characterized by tenderness and swelling; treatment: spontaneous drainage, warm compresses
- Chalazion: a blocked oil gland; characterized by a firm, painless lump; treatment: warm compresses, antibiotic eye drops, or surgery
Cranial Nerves
- Cranial nerve III (oculomotor), IV (trochlear), and VI (abducens): responsible for eye movements
- Vertical diplopia is related to cranial nerve IV
- Horizontal diplopia is related to cranial nerve VI
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