Questions and Answers
What is temperature?
Temperature is a thermal state of a body that distinguishes a hot body from a cold body.
Which of the following temperature scales is NOT commonly used?
What is heat in the context of temperature?
Heat is the energy transferred from a flame to a substance causing a temperature rise.
The boiling point of water in Celsius is 100°C.
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What is absolute zero in Celsius?
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The freezing temperature of water is ______ °F.
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What does the term 'pressure' refer to?
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What is the SI unit of pressure?
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1 bar is equal to 100,000 Pascal.
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What is the normal body temperature in Fahrenheit?
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Match the pressure units with their equivalents:
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Study Notes
Temperature and Heat
- Temperature is a measure of the thermal state distinguishing hot from cold bodies.
- Molecules in matter possess kinetic energy, which correlates with temperature.
- Increasing molecular temperature can be achieved via heat transfer, often using a flame.
- Heat removal reduces temperature, entering a cryogenic state.
Temperature Scales
-
Celsius Scale (°C):
- Fixed points are the ice point (0 °C) and steam point (100 °C).
- Scale divided into 100 equal parts, with each equivalent to 1°C.
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Fahrenheit Scale (°F):
- Freezing point is 32°F and boiling point is 212°F.
- Normal body temperature is approximately 98.6°F.
-
Kelvin Scale (°K):
- Absolute scale with 0°K at absolute zero, equivalent to -273.15°C.
- Shares divisions with the Celsius scale.
-
Rankine Scale (°R):
- Developed by William John Macquorn Rankine; related to the Fahrenheit scale.
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Body temperature can be converted:
- 98.6°F = 37.44°C = 310.15°K.
Thermometry
- Temperature is typically measured indirectly through properties that change with temperature.
- Mercury thermometers operate on the principle that temperature increase causes mercury expansion.
Pressure
- Defined as the effect of normal force acting on a given area, measured in N/m² (Pascal).
- 1 bar equals 100,000 Pa (105 N/m²).
- Pressure equates to force per unit area; differs in meaning when applied to solids (termed stress).
Pressure Units
- Commonly used pressure units include:
- Kilopascal (kPa) where 1 kPa = 10³ Pa.
- Megapascal (MPa) where 1 MPa = 10⁶ Pa.
- 1 atm = 101,325 Pa = 14.696 psi.
Pressure in the Body
- High blood pressure is a common health issue; blood pressure is a routine measurement in medical exams.
- Other pressure measurements taken include:
- Respiratory pressures
- Bladder pressure
- Foot pressure
- Ocular pressure
- Middle-ear pressure
Measurement of Pressure
- SI units for pressure measurement include:
- Dynes per square centimeter
- Newton per square meter (Pa)
- Clinically, pressure is often measured in mmHg (height of mercury column).
- Example: A peak systolic pressure of 120 mmHg indicates a liquid mercury column of this height exerts the same pressure.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of temperature as a thermal state in medical physics. It explores the relationship between temperature, kinetic energy, and the motion of molecules, specifically in gases. Understand how temperature influences molecular behavior and the transfer of energy.
