Medical Parasitology 2022-2023 Lecture 1: Parasites Classification

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What is the term used to describe a host that serves as a temporary refuge and vehicle for reaching an obligatory host, usually the definitive host?

Second intermediate host

Reservoir host

First intermediate host

Paratenic host (correct)

Which of the following is the correct definition of a reservoir host?

A host that is metabolically dependent upon the parasite and cannot live without it.

A host that is under normal circumstances not infected with the parasite.

A host that is naturally infected with certain species of parasite.

A host that makes the parasite available for the transmission to another host and is usually not affected by the infection. (correct)

Which of the following is an example of a commensalistic relationship?

The relationship between a parasite and its host, where the parasite causes harm to the host.

The relationship between flagellated protozoa living in the gut of termites.

The relationship between most of the normal floras of the humans' body and the human host. (correct)

The relationship between a mutualistic symbiont and its host, where both organisms depend on each other.

Which of the following is the correct definition of an accidental host?

A host that is under normal circumstances not infected with the parasite. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a mutualistic relationship?

The relationship between flagellated protozoa living in the gut of termites. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct definition of a natural host?

A host that is naturally infected with certain species of parasite. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes an obligate parasite?

A parasite that is completely dependent on a host during its life cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is an accidental parasite?

A parasite that infects an unnatural host and survives Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct definition of an erratic parasite?

A parasite that wanders into an organ where it is not usually found Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a facultative parasite?

It exhibits both parasitic and non-parasitic modes of living Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines a definitive host?

A host that harbors a parasite in its adult stage or where the parasite undergoes sexual reproduction Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of an intermediate host?

To harbor the larval stages of the parasite or an asexual cycle of development Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary host for Schistosoma haematobium?

Humans Signup and view all the answers

What is the infective stage of Schistosoma haematobium?

Cercariae Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic stage for Schistosoma haematobium infection?

Eggs in urine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of Schistosoma mansoni infection?

Cercarial dermatitis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a pathogenic stage of Schistosoma infection?

Cercariae Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of fungi?

Composed of filaments called hyphae Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common symptom of Plasmodium vivax infection in humans?

Fever at 48-h intervals Signup and view all the answers

Which species of malaria parasite causes malignant tertian malaria?

Plasmodium falciparum Signup and view all the answers

Where do sporozoites migrate after being transmitted into the human bloodstream by an Anopheles mosquito?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

Which stage in the liver is a quiescent stage that exists only in P. vivax and P. ovale infections?

Hypnozoites Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of male and female gametocytes in the malaria parasite lifecycle?

Transform into sporozoites Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step in the cycle of transmission of malaria by an Anopheles mosquito?

Biting another host Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission for Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) infection?

Ingestion of contaminated raw vegetables Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential symptom or complication associated with pinworm infection?

Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic stage for Enterobius vermicularis infection?

Detection of eggs in stool samples Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential complication of toxoplasmosis infection during pregnancy?

Jaundice in the newborn Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about toxoplasmosis is correct?

It can cause myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of transmission for pinworm infection mentioned in the text?

Fecal-oral route Signup and view all the answers