Medical Parasitology 2022-2023 Lecture 1: Parasites Classification

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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe a host that serves as a temporary refuge and vehicle for reaching an obligatory host, usually the definitive host?

  • Second intermediate host
  • Reservoir host
  • First intermediate host
  • Paratenic host (correct)

Which of the following is the correct definition of a reservoir host?

  • A host that is metabolically dependent upon the parasite and cannot live without it.
  • A host that is under normal circumstances not infected with the parasite.
  • A host that is naturally infected with certain species of parasite.
  • A host that makes the parasite available for the transmission to another host and is usually not affected by the infection. (correct)

Which of the following is an example of a commensalistic relationship?

  • The relationship between a parasite and its host, where the parasite causes harm to the host.
  • The relationship between flagellated protozoa living in the gut of termites.
  • The relationship between most of the normal floras of the humans' body and the human host. (correct)
  • The relationship between a mutualistic symbiont and its host, where both organisms depend on each other.

Which of the following is the correct definition of an accidental host?

<p>A host that is under normal circumstances not infected with the parasite. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a mutualistic relationship?

<p>The relationship between flagellated protozoa living in the gut of termites. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct definition of a natural host?

<p>A host that is naturally infected with certain species of parasite. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes an obligate parasite?

<p>A parasite that is completely dependent on a host during its life cycle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an accidental parasite?

<p>A parasite that infects an unnatural host and survives (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct definition of an erratic parasite?

<p>A parasite that wanders into an organ where it is not usually found (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a facultative parasite?

<p>It exhibits both parasitic and non-parasitic modes of living (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines a definitive host?

<p>A host that harbors a parasite in its adult stage or where the parasite undergoes sexual reproduction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of an intermediate host?

<p>To harbor the larval stages of the parasite or an asexual cycle of development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary host for Schistosoma haematobium?

<p>Humans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the infective stage of Schistosoma haematobium?

<p>Cercariae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic stage for Schistosoma haematobium infection?

<p>Eggs in urine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of Schistosoma mansoni infection?

<p>Cercarial dermatitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a pathogenic stage of Schistosoma infection?

<p>Cercariae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of fungi?

<p>Composed of filaments called hyphae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common symptom of Plasmodium vivax infection in humans?

<p>Fever at 48-h intervals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which species of malaria parasite causes malignant tertian malaria?

<p>Plasmodium falciparum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do sporozoites migrate after being transmitted into the human bloodstream by an Anopheles mosquito?

<p>Liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage in the liver is a quiescent stage that exists only in P. vivax and P. ovale infections?

<p>Hypnozoites (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of male and female gametocytes in the malaria parasite lifecycle?

<p>Transform into sporozoites (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step in the cycle of transmission of malaria by an Anopheles mosquito?

<p>Biting another host (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission for Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) infection?

<p>Ingestion of contaminated raw vegetables (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential symptom or complication associated with pinworm infection?

<p>Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic stage for Enterobius vermicularis infection?

<p>Detection of eggs in stool samples (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential complication of toxoplasmosis infection during pregnancy?

<p>Jaundice in the newborn (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about toxoplasmosis is correct?

<p>It can cause myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of transmission for pinworm infection mentioned in the text?

<p>Fecal-oral route (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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