Medical Microbiology Quiz 2
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following gene transfer systems is most likely to be affected by the presence of DNase?

  • Conjugation
  • Transduction
  • Transformation (correct)
  • Transposons

    • Which of the following antibiotics interferes with the function of the bacterial ribosome?

  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Erythromycin (correct)
  • Penicillin
  • Amoxicillin
  • Ampicillin

    • Which bacterial species is associated with scarlet fever?

  • Streptococcus pyogenes (correct)
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Bacillus subtilis
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae

    • What type of molecule serves as a reserve food supply for Corynebacterium?

    <p>Beta-hydroxybutyrate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding exotoxins?

    <p>A and C (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene transfer system utilizes a sex pilus?

    <p>Conjugation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which spore-forming bacterium is an obligate anaerobe commonly associated with severe diarrhea?

    <p>Clostridium difficile (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of a bacteriophage transferring genetic material to a bacterium is known as which gene transfer system?

    <p>Transduction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of endotoxins?

    <p>Lipopolysaccharides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of endotoxins?

    <p>They are heat-labile (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene transfer system can result in the movement of antibiotic resistance genes from the chromosome to a plasmid?

    <p>Transposons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bacteria is most likely to be motile?

    <p>Bacillus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of exotoxins?

    <p>They are released upon bacterial lysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bacteria is most likely to be affected by lysozyme?

    <p>Gram-positive bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bacteria is known to produce both exotoxins and endotoxins?

    <p>Escherichia coli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a bacteriophage?

    <p>To infect and replicate within bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial arrangement describes a bacterium with a tuft of flagella at one end?

    <p>Lophothricous (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bacteria is known to store metaphosphate (volutin) in its granules?

    <p>Corynebacterium diphtheriae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bacterial cell wall structure is characterized by a thick peptidoglycan layer?

    <p>Gram-positive bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bacteria is an anaerobe?

    <p>Clostridium tetani (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bacterial cell wall modification is most effective in evading the host's immune system after phagocytosis by macrophages?

    <p>L-Form (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes describes the movement of a gene to a new location within a chromosome?

    <p>Transposons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial arrangement results in a bacterium swarming and covering the entire Petri plate?

    <p>Peritrichous (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two sugars are components of the peptidoglycan structure?

    <p>N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Transformation

    A gene transfer system that does not function if DNase is present.

    Erythromycin

    An antibiotic that interferes with bacterial ribosomes.

    Exotoxins

    Proteins that can be converted to toxoids and are distinct from lipopolysaccharides.

    Conjugation

    A gene transfer system that employs a sex pilus for DNA transfer.

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    Transduction

    The process where a bacteriophage participates in transferring DNA between bacteria.

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    Lysozyme

    An enzyme that attacks the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and is present in saliva.

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    Protoplast

    A bacterium that lacks a cell wall, often fragile and osmotically sensitive.

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    Germination

    The process of a spore converting to a vegetative bacterium.

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    Tuft of flagella

    A bacterium with flagella grouped at one end is called lophotrichous.

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    Bacterial swarming

    Bacteria that spread rapidly across surfaces are driven by lophotrichous flagella arrangement.

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    Thick peptidoglycan

    Gram-positive bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

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    Lack of vaccine

    Currently, we have no vaccine to protect against Clostridium difficile diarrhea.

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    Metaphosphate storage

    Bacillus subtilis is known for storing metaphosphate in granules, called volutin.

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    Bioterror bacteria

    Bacillus anthracis can enter the body through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact.

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    Anaerobic bacteria

    Clostridium tetani is an example of anaerobic bacteria that thrive without oxygen.

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    Plasmid composition

    Plasmids primarily contain DNA, functioning as independent genetic elements.

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    Scarlet fever causative agent

    Scarlet fever occurs due to the presence of a T12 bacteriophage in Streptococcus pyogenes.

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    Corynebacterium food reserve

    Corynebacterium stores metaphosphate as a reserve food supply.

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    Severe diarrhea spore former

    Clostridium difficile is the anaerobic spore former likely to cause severe diarrhea.

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    Endotoxins definition

    Endotoxins are lipopolysaccharides found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.

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    Beta-hydroxybutyrate

    Beta-hydroxybutyrate is a compound related to energy storage in cells.

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    Lipopolysaccharides

    Lipopolysaccharides are large molecules composed of a lipid and a polysaccharide, part of bacterial cells.

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    Bacillus anthracis

    Bacillus anthracis is the bacterium that causes anthrax, a serious infectious disease.

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    Study Notes

    Medical Microbiology Quiz 2

    • Gene Transfer Systems and DNase: A gene transfer system that will not function if DNase is present is Conjugation .

    • Antibiotic Interference with Ribosomes: Penicillin, Ampicillin, and Amoxicillin do not directly interfere with bacterial ribosomes, while erythromycin is one that does.

    • Exotoxins Characteristics: Exotoxins are proteins; they can be converted to toxoids.

    • Gene Transfer System using Sex Pilus: The gene transfer system that employs a sex pilus is Conjugation.

    • Bacteriophage Participation: A bacteriophage participates in Transduction.

    • Antibiotic Resistance Gene Transfer: Antibiotic resistant genes can jump from the chromosome to the plasmid via Transposons.

    • Motile Bacteria Type: Bacillus bacteria are more likely to be motile.

    • Food Poisoning Bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus can cause food poisoning with stroke-like symptoms.

    • Enzyme Lysozyme: Lysozyme attacks the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and is present in humans.

    • Antibiotic Interference with Peptidoglycan: Ciprofloxacin interferes with the formation of the tetrapeptide in peptidoglycan.

    • Lysozyme Action: Lysozyme attacks the cell wall in a bacterial cell.

    • Bacterium with No Spore Formation: Escherichia coli cannot form spores.

    • Disease Requiring Bacteriophage: Anthrax does not require a bacteriophage. Tetanus, diphtheria, and scalded skin syndrome use different mechanisms.

    • Spore to Vegetative Conversion: The conversion of a spore to a vegetative bacterium is called Germination .

    • Scarlet Fever Bacteria: Scarlet fever can be caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.

    • Corynebacterium food storage: Corynebacterium stores sulfur as a reserve food.

    • Spore-forming Anaerobe: Clostridium difficile is a spore-forming anaerobe.

    • Endotoxins Composition: Endotoxins are lipopolysaccharides; they cause fever and have specific targets.

    • Term for Bacterium with Flagella on One End: A bacterium with a tuft of flagella on one end is called Montrichous.

    • Bacterial Swarming: The arrangement of flagella resulting in swarming is Amphitricous.

    • Peptidoglycan Composition: A gram-positive bacterium has a thicker layer of peptidoglycan.

    • Vaccines and Infections: No vaccine protects against Clostridium difficile.

    • Storage Granules of Bacteria: Bacillus subtilis bacteria store metaphosphate.

    • Bacterial Entry into Human Body: Bacillus anthracis can enter the human body via inhalation.

    • Anaerobic Bacteria: Clostridium tetani is an anaerobic bacteria.

    • Plasmids Composition: Plasmids contain DNA.

    • Gram Negative Bacterium Cell-Wall Removal: A gram-negative bacterium with part of its cell wall removed is a protoplast.

    • Bacteria with Greatest Ability to Avoid Immune System: Spheroplasts have the greatest ability to avoid detection by the immune system.

    • Gene Transfer Mechanism: The movement of a gene from one chromosome to another is called Transduction.

    • Sugars in Peptidoglycan: The question asks for the two sugars in peptidoglycan, but no sugars were provided in the text.

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    Medical Microbiology Quiz 2 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on gene transfer systems, antibiotic interference, and characteristics of exotoxins in this Medical Microbiology quiz. Delve into the mechanisms of bacterial motility, food poisoning pathogens, and the role of enzymes like lysozyme. Perfect for students and enthusiasts alike!

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