Medical Management and Public Health Overview

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Questions and Answers

What are health outcomes primarily related to?

The length or quality of a person’s life (correct)

The number of available healthcare facilities

Population birth rates in the community

Financial costs of treatment

Which determinant of health is considered the starting point?

Individual behaviors

Genetics (correct)

Social environment

Healthcare services

Which of the following factors can healthcare managers modify to improve health?

Healthcare services (correct)

Genetics

Environmental disasters

Population birth rates

What common individual behavior is directly linked to heart disease?

Smoking Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of health do managers now need to address in addition to individual health?

Local population health Signup and view all the answers

What element of the physical environment can significantly affect health outcomes?

Nighttime lighting Signup and view all the answers

How can healthcare managers help improve individual health behaviors?

Providing nutrition classes Signup and view all the answers

Which is an example of a determinant of health that healthcare managers cannot directly modify?

Genetics Signup and view all the answers

Which determinant of health is most influenced by external societal factors?

Social and economic environment Signup and view all the answers

What role do healthcare managers have in addressing health disparities?

They can implement policies that eliminate barriers to access. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the external environment considered crucial for healthcare organizations?

It influences patient care protocols and operational efficiency. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following trends presents a significant challenge for healthcare organizations?

A rapidly aging population. Signup and view all the answers

After graduating, which type of organization is a healthcare management graduate least likely to work in?

For-profit retail companies Signup and view all the answers

What role do healthcare organizations (HCOs) play in improving community health beyond medical care?

Reducing air pollution and building parks Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT considered part of the social environment that affects health?

Religion Signup and view all the answers

Health disparities can arise due to which of the following factors?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

How can healthcare managers address health disparities in the community?

By recognizing and targeting social determinants of health Signup and view all the answers

Which approach is primarily aimed at preventing health problems?

Preventive care Signup and view all the answers

Which type of healthcare service is NOT typically associated with disease treatment?

Preventive care Signup and view all the answers

In what ways are healthcare providers using social determinant information?

To monitor and address patient circumstances Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the current trends in healthcare management regarding diversity?

Striving to reduce health disparities among diverse populations Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes health?

A state of optimal physical, mental, and social well-being. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mission of public health?

To assure conditions in which people can be healthy. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the term 'determinant' in healthcare?

It signifies a factor that influences health outcomes. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'epidemic' usually refer to?

A significant increase in cases over normal expectancy in a large area. Signup and view all the answers

Which description aligns with the concept of public health?

Organized efforts to promote health at a societal level. Signup and view all the answers

What does clinical care primarily focus on?

Prevention, treatment, and management of illness. Signup and view all the answers

The World Health Organization emphasizes what key aspect in public health?

Providing maximum benefit for the largest number of people. Signup and view all the answers

What is one fundamental right related to health?

Enjoyment of the highest standard of health. Signup and view all the answers

What does a continuum of care (CoC) encompass?

All services needed throughout a person's life. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the health continuum?

Includes social determinants of health. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of smaller CoCs?

They are tailored for specific patient populations or life stages. Signup and view all the answers

How do health professionals utilize CoC models?

To plan the most cost-effective means of meeting healthcare needs. Signup and view all the answers

What role do HCO managers play in a CoC?

They must form connections with other services in the CoC. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these organizations typically provides a narrow focus in a CoC?

Specialized hospices. Signup and view all the answers

What has the introduction of telehealth and virtual care methods resulted in?

An expansion of health services delivered at home. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of Pink Month in relation to breast cancer?

To educate about early identification and symptoms. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of healthcare organization does not directly provide health services?

Health insurance company Signup and view all the answers

What are the five broad forces that determine people's health?

Genetics, healthcare, individual behavior, physical environment, and social environment Signup and view all the answers

What does the continuum of care (CoC) encompass?

Healthcare from prenatal care to end-of-life palliative care Signup and view all the answers

How can healthcare managers influence population health despite the limitations of genetics?

By improving healthcare accessibility and quality Signup and view all the answers

What is one significant feature of how healthcare organizations (HCOs) operate?

They must monitor and adapt to environmental changes Signup and view all the answers

Which type of job opportunities can one find in healthcare management?

A wide variety throughout the continuum of care and health sector Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of health is NOT considered part of the complete well-being definition?

Financial well-being Signup and view all the answers

What is one role of healthcare organizations beyond providing direct health services?

Manufacturing healthcare supplies Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Medical Management Overview

Medical management encompasses healthcare organizations, what influences health, health services, the environment affecting healthcare organizations, and future trends/developments in healthcare management.
Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
Basic human right to achieve the highest attainable standard of health.
Public health is the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health.

Public Health Defined

Public health considers the organized efforts of society, organizations, communities, and individuals.

The Mission of Public Health

Fulfilling society's interest in ensuring conditions in which people can be healthy.
Aiming to provide maximum benefit for the largest number of people.

Public Health Key Terms

Clinical care - prevention, treatment, and management of illness/wellbeing by medical and allied professionals
Determinant - factors contributing to a trait (eg, genetic predisposition)
Epidemic/Outbreak - the occurrence of cases of an illness or behavior exceeding normal levels.
Health Outcome - the result of a medical condition impacting lifespan or quality of life.

Individual and Population Health

Individual health - physical ability, emotions, socialization, blood pressure, absence of pain.
Population health - birth rates, life expectancy, death rates, prevalence of diseases, and averages of individual measures.

Role of HCO Managers

HCOs historically focused on individual patient health; now broaden to improve their local population's health.
Managers need to improve health at both community and individual levels.

Determinants of Health

Healthcare, Individual Behavior, Physical Environment, Genetics, Social Environment, affect health outcomes.

Components of Determinants of Health

Genetics - starting point for health, influencing risk of diseases.
Healthcare services - from womb to tomb, crucial in improving health.
Individual behaviors - affect health directly (eg, smoking, diet).
Physical environment - affects health through sanitation, climate, pollution.
Social environment - includes factors like socioeconomic status, discrimination, and education impacting health.

Healthcare and Health Service Types

Preventative, diagnostic, curative, rehabilitative, and end-of-life care, are part of a continuum
Healthcare and health services operate as a continuum covering a wide range of services.

Continuum of Care (CoC)

A comprehensive range of healthcare services from prenatal to end-of-life care.
Incorporates all other essential health services.

Healthcare Organization Types

Ambulatory Organizations- offer care without overnight stays., such as ambulatory surgery centers, counseling offices, sports medicine businesses and urgent care facilities
Public Health Organizations- help and support public health.
Home Care organizations- Provide an array of nursing and health services in people's homes.

HCO Associations

Associations improve people's health through research funding, education, risk factor reduction and treatment assistance.

Healthcare Organizations

Medical supply firms produce medical supplies and equipment.
Healthcare insurance companies assist with healthcare financing.
Professional and governmental organizations regulate HCOs and educate healthcare professionals.
Philanthropic organizations fund research or provide grants.

External Environment of HCOs

An HCO is affected by factors outside the organization, including people, organizations, industries, trends, and forces.
External environment sectors to consider are industry, raw materials, human resources, financial, market, technology, economic conditions, governmental, natural, sociocultural and international sectors.

Healthcare Trends and Future Development

Workforce - HCOs must develop diverse workforces engaged in safety, well-being and job satisfaction.
Payment models - payments are increasingly tied to healthcare quality, patient experiences, clinical outcomes.
Consolidation - HCOs consolidate into larger organizations
Health science and technology - ongoing advances affect how healthcare is provided and received.
Big Data and Predictive analytics - HCOs use big data to predict future health problems.

Stakeholders of HCOs

Stakeholders (individuals and other organizations) who have stake in an HCO, including employees, patients, media, creditors, physicians, businesses, other HCO organisations.

Types of Healthcare Organizations and Jobs

A variety of healthcare organizations provide services and jobs ranging from accountable care organizations, ambulatory clinics, healthcare alliances, diagnostic centers, health insurance organisations; to research institutions and respite facilities.

New Graduate Careers

New graduates start with entry-level positions in healthcare, advancing to middle, and upper management.

Health Disparities

Health disparities are differences in health linked to social, economic, or environmental disadvantages (eg, based on gender, ethnicity, disability, location, other factors).

Important Considerations for Managers

Healthcare managers need to consider relationships among organizations and their external environment to effectively run HCOs.
They also need to be open to and understand external influences.

General Review:

The continuum of care (CoC) is a comprehensive delivery system of healthcare.
HCOs depend on their external environment, and stakeholders.

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Description

Explore the essential concepts of medical management and public health in this quiz. Understand the roles of healthcare organizations, determinants of health, and the principles guiding public health initiatives. Assess your knowledge of how public health strives to ensure the well-being of communities and individuals.