38 Questions
What is the primary function of the ultrasound gel in ultrasound procedures?
To replace air between the transducer and the patient's skin
What is the purpose of the fetal monitoring belts?
To hold the transducers in place on the mother's abdomen
What is the method of measuring uterine contractions in pregnant women?
External measurement using sensors
How is the intensity of contractions determined during palpation of the fundus?
Comparing the feeling to the tip of the nose, chin, or forehead
What is the purpose of the CTG monitor?
All of the above
Who is credited with the development of electronic fetal heart rate monitoring?
Edward Hon
What is the device used to convert energy into ultrasonic vibrations?
Transducer
What is the primary purpose of cardiotocography (CTG)?
To monitor the fetal heartbeat and uterine contractions during pregnancy
What does the cardiotocograph machine display?
The fetal heartbeat and uterine contractions
Who is a British obstetrician and gynecologist who made significant contributions to the field of cardiotocography?
Dr. Alan Bradfield
What is the name of the device used to measure contraction frequency and duration?
Transducer
What is the term for the combination of cardio and toco?
Cardiotocograph
Who is an American physician who was noted for his early use of penicillin and the development of the fetal heart monitor?
Dr. Orvan Hess
What is the name of the German gynecologist and professor of medicine who invented various medical devices?
Hammacher
What is the significance of an absence of accelerations with an otherwise normal CTG in labour?
It is of uncertain significance
What is the characteristic of early deceleration?
It begins at the start of uterine contraction and ends with conclusion of contraction
What is the significance of a CTG tracing with one non-reassuring feature and the other three reassuring features?
It is a suspicious trace
What is the cause of late deceleration?
Fetal hypoxia
What is the characteristic of variable deceleration?
It occurs at any time irrespective of uterine contractions
What is the definition of deceleration?
A decrease in fetal heart rate from the baseline by at least 15 beats per minute, lasting for at least 15 seconds
What is a characteristic of a normal CTG trace?
Baseline rate of 110-160 bpm, normal variability, absence of decelerations, and accelerations may or may not be present
What is the significance of atypical variable decelerations?
It is an abnormal feature
What is the primary purpose of a CTG machine?
To monitor the fetal heart rate and uterine contractions during labor
During labor, what does the CTG machine help monitor?
The fetal heart rate and uterine contractions
What is an advantage of using a CTG machine during labor?
It can detect complications early on, allowing for prompt intervention
When is a CTG machine indicated if there are health concerns for the mother?
If the mother has a high blood pressure
What is an indication for a CTG machine if there are health concerns for the baby?
If the baby is small for dates
Why may a CTG machine be used if the woman is waiting for her labor to start with ruptured membranes?
To check the baby's wellbeing
Why may a CTG machine be used if the labor is being induced or augmented with an oxytocin drip or prostaglandins?
To monitor the baby's heart rate
Why may a CTG machine be used if the woman is having an epidural for pain relief in labor?
To monitor the baby's heart rate
What was the primary focus of the nurse in the given scenario?
Maintaining a calm and therapeutic environment
What was the nurse's instruction to the patient regarding when to call the nurse?
When needed
What was the nurse's role in the patient's care?
Maintaining a safe and therapeutic environment
What was the nurse's action at the end of the shift?
Endorsing the patient's care to the next shift
What was the patient's primary complaint?
All of the above
What did the nurse monitor according to the scenario?
The patient's fetal heart rate
What is the term for the monitoring of fetal heart rate and uterine contractions?
Cardiotocography
What is the purpose of cardiotocography?
To monitor fetal heart rate and uterine contractions
Study Notes
Cardiotocography (CTG)
- Cardiotocography is a medical technique used to monitor fetal heartbeat and uterine contractions during pregnancy.
- It involves the use of a specialized machine, known as a cardiotocograph or electronic fetal monitor (EFM).
- The machine records the fetal heartbeat and uterine contractions to provide valuable information about the health and well-being of the fetus.
Purpose of CTG
- To assess the well-being of the fetus by monitoring its heart rate and uterine contractions.
- To monitor labor progress during labor.
- To detect potential complications early on, allowing for prompt intervention and improving maternal and fetal outcomes.
Indications and Requirements for CTG Machine
- If there are health concerns for the mother during pregnancy (e.g., bleeding, high blood pressure, premature labor, diabetes, cholestasis).
- If there are health concerns for the baby (e.g., small for dates, abnormality of the baby, pregnancy is overdue).
- As a routine procedure during labor.
- If the waters break and the labor has not started.
- If the labor is being induced or augmented with oxytocin drip or prostaglandins.
- If the baby is showing signs of distress.
- If the woman is having an epidural for pain relief in labor.
Materials Needed for CTG
- Electronic fetal monitoring transducer
- Ultrasound transducer
- Tocotransducer
- Ultrasound gel (coupling medium)
- Fetal monitoring belts
Methods of CTG
- External measurement: taping or strapping the two sensors to the abdominal wall with the heart ultrasonic sensor overlying the fetal heart and the contraction sensor measuring the tension of the maternal abdominal wall.
Types of Decelerations
- Early deceleration: begins at the start of uterine contraction and ends with the conclusion of contraction; due to increased vagal tone due to fetal head compression.
- Variable deceleration: occurs at any time, irrespective of uterine contractions; due to umbilical cord compression.
- Late deceleration: begins at or after the peak of a contraction and ends long after it; due to fetal hypoxia (uteroplacental insufficiency).
Overall Assessment of CTG
- Normal trace: tracings with all four features (baseline rate 110-160 bpm, normal variability, absence of decelerations, and accelerations).
- Suspicious trace: tracing with one non-reassuring feature and the other three are reassuring.
- Abnormal feature: atypical variable decelerations, late deceleration, or single prolonged deceleration greater than 3 minutes.
This quiz is about nursing care for patient with CTG machine
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