Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the first step in the Diagnostic-Therapeutic Cycle?
What is the first step in the Diagnostic-Therapeutic Cycle?
As complexity increases, what level of automated support involves the highest human dependency on computer involvement?
As complexity increases, what level of automated support involves the highest human dependency on computer involvement?
Which branch of informatics is at the second level under Health Informatics?
Which branch of informatics is at the second level under Health Informatics?
Which aspect of medical informatics focuses on consumer health?
Which aspect of medical informatics focuses on consumer health?
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What is depicted on the left side of the diagram showing aspects of the medical informatics fields?
What is depicted on the left side of the diagram showing aspects of the medical informatics fields?
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Which level of automated support corresponds directly to the processing of information?
Which level of automated support corresponds directly to the processing of information?
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Which of the following is not part of the Data Collection step in the Diagnostic-Therapeutic Cycle?
Which of the following is not part of the Data Collection step in the Diagnostic-Therapeutic Cycle?
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Under which category do Dental Informatics and Veterinary Informatics fall?
Under which category do Dental Informatics and Veterinary Informatics fall?
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Which aspect branches down from Public Health in the medical informatics fields diagram?
Which aspect branches down from Public Health in the medical informatics fields diagram?
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What does the second step of the Diagnostic-Therapeutic Cycle involve?
What does the second step of the Diagnostic-Therapeutic Cycle involve?
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Which area of medical informatics focuses specifically on data related to nursing practices?
Which area of medical informatics focuses specifically on data related to nursing practices?
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What does medical informatics aim to optimize?
What does medical informatics aim to optimize?
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Which statement best describes the relationship between medical informatics and scientific research?
Which statement best describes the relationship between medical informatics and scientific research?
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What is a primary function of clinical informatics?
What is a primary function of clinical informatics?
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Which of the following is not considered a branch of medical informatics?
Which of the following is not considered a branch of medical informatics?
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Which definition of medical informatics emphasizes its scientific underpinnings?
Which definition of medical informatics emphasizes its scientific underpinnings?
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In the field of medical informatics, bioinformatics primarily deals with what type of data?
In the field of medical informatics, bioinformatics primarily deals with what type of data?
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Which of the following statements incorrectly describes information technology?
Which of the following statements incorrectly describes information technology?
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What is the primary focus of public health informatics?
What is the primary focus of public health informatics?
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Which of the following best captures the intersection addressed by medical informatics?
Which of the following best captures the intersection addressed by medical informatics?
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What does Biomedical Informatics primarily study and apply?
What does Biomedical Informatics primarily study and apply?
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Which specialty directly supports nursing by using information systems?
Which specialty directly supports nursing by using information systems?
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What major tasks are part of Public Health Informatics?
What major tasks are part of Public Health Informatics?
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What is Dental Informatics designed to improve?
What is Dental Informatics designed to improve?
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Which of the following fields incorporates human problem solving and cognitive sciences?
Which of the following fields incorporates human problem solving and cognitive sciences?
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What characterizes Bioinformatics and computational biology?
What characterizes Bioinformatics and computational biology?
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Which statement best describes Medical Cybernetics?
Which statement best describes Medical Cybernetics?
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Which of the following is NOT a major task of Public Health Informatics?
Which of the following is NOT a major task of Public Health Informatics?
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What defines Nursing Informatics according to its scope and standards?
What defines Nursing Informatics according to its scope and standards?
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Which option best describes the role of information technology in Dental Informatics?
Which option best describes the role of information technology in Dental Informatics?
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Study Notes
Medical Informatics Basics
- Medical informatics is a broad field encompassing electronic medical records, telemedicine, information retrieval, image processing, analysis, bioinformatics, and evaluation methodologies.
- Outcomes research studies the effectiveness of healthcare using large data sets and advanced technologies.
- Medical informatics focuses on healthcare, including electronic medical records, information retrieval, medical decision-making, telemedicine, clinician information needs, artificial intelligence, and outcomes research.
- Medical informatics training enables graduates to take on IT responsibilities in existing careers or pursue careers as healthcare IT developers or managers.
- The need for appropriate technical training to equip graduates with adequate skills for career opportunities is emphasized.
Islands of Information in Hospitals
- Medical History
- Order Processing
- Blood Bank
- Laboratory Tests
- Pharmacy
- ADT (Admissions, Discharge, Transfer)
- Vital Signs
- Transplant Units
- Physical Therapy
- Dietary
- ICUs (Intensive Care Units)
- Radiology
- Cardiology
- Nuclear Medicine
- Out-Patient Clinics
- Surgery
- Billing (Insurance, HMO, Government)
- Scheduling (Residents, rooms, equipment)
- Research Support
Best of Breed Approach
- Each functional area (department or lab) prefers the best system for their specific needs.
- Examples include SunQuest for lab testing and MediPac for ADT.
- This approach creates multiple systems that struggle to exchange information easily.
- IT departments face the challenge of integrating data from different systems.
Integrated Medical Information
- Patient medical records should include all relevant medical data.
- Patient records should be accessible to healthcare workers anytime, anywhere.
- Data needs to be digitized.
- Databases need to be designed for multimedia data storage.
Integrated Medical Information (cont.)
- Access should be provided only to the data needed by the healthcare worker.
- Correlation methods for different data sources (e.g., symptoms, tests, diagnoses, family history).
- Data presentation should be understandable by healthcare workers.
- Systems should prioritize healthcare worker needs over departmental needs.
- Patient privacy should be protected.
- Patients should be able to carry their medical records.
Medical Archive (Data Mining Source)
- Medical records feed into a medical archive database.
- The database is the source for medical research.
- Key components include information retrieval, artificial intelligence, medical diagnosis support, and survival intelligence.
Medical Archive Record System (MARS)
- The University of Pittsburgh's data feeds to the MARS system.
- Image data is maintained in separate databases using surrogates.
- Each department uses a tagging system for data elements.
- MARS provides metadata about the data sent by each source.
MARS (cont.)
- MARS stores data in a text format for flexibility in searching.
- All patient data is available at any time.
- It functions as a data warehouse for research.
- References to images (X-rays, sonograms) are maintained.
- Full reports are available.
To-Do List & Features
- Prescription Writing: Lists pre-built Rx codes or previous prescriptions to speed up refilling.
- Patient Summaries & H&P: Tracks all historical information on the patient. Quickly documents the encounter with pre-built templates and codes.
- Note Generation: Reduces time spent searching records for valuable information. Saves time with pre-built templates.
- All Pertinent Patient Data on One Screen: Consolidates all patient data, improving efficiency.
- Patient Pictures: Integrates patient pictures into the demographics section; allows users to input data in any desired format.
- Lab/Radiology/Pathology Reports: Collects lab reports from different departments and stores auxiliary documents for quick review.
- All Codes/Protocols/Reports Customizable: Users can adapt templates and formatting.
Phone Message Section, Import Reports, Comprehensive Demographics, Protocols
- Phone Message Section: Records "who, what, when" of non-clinic-based encounters.
- Import Reports from Other Systems: Imports reports into ASCII or RTF formatted reports to the file.
- Comprehensive Demographics: Tracks pertinent demographics and collects information.
- 250+ Prebuilt Protocols (Templates): Includes prebuilt templates that can act as guidelines for further documentation.
Patient Education Handouts, Dx/Rx/Plan/Follow Up Codes, Voice Recognition
- Patient Education Handouts: Creates patient-friendly handouts to ensure patients receive necessary information.
- 1000's of Pre-built Dx/Rx/Plan/Follow Up Codes: Provides pre-built codes for faster and standardized data entry.
- Works with Voice Recognition Systems: Integrates with voice recognition systems to reduce typing.
Critical Design Factors (I-III)
- Unique Patient Identification: Unique identifiers that maintain consistency.
- Health Care Worker Identification: Unique identifiers for each health care worker.
- Product / Service Identification: Unique identifiers for products and services.
- Interface Tailoring: Interfaces are personalized for the designated healthcare worker (physician, nurse, pharmacist, radiologist, etc.).
- Minimization of Keying: Reduction of manual input through scanning technologies (bar codes, optical character recognition, etc.).
- Date and Time Stamping: All data points have a timestamp.
- Multimedia Support: Handles diverse data types like X-rays, sonograms, strip charts, voice dictations, numerical data, medical history, diagnosis, and orders.
Critical Design Factors (IV-VI)
- Indexing Optical/Voice Data: Optical and voice data is indexed automatically or manually.
- Content Analysis/Voice Recognition: Enables searching and identifying patterns/connections across different medical records.
- Drug Interaction Verification: Ability to verify drug interactions.
- High-Speed Access/Presentation: High speed access and presentation capabilities.
- Remote/Mobile Access: Remote and mobile access to archive and ICU monitoring data.
- Color-Coded Results: Displaying test results using color codes (e.g., green for safe/negative, yellow for caution/borderline, red for positive/danger).
Critical Design Factors (VII-VIII)
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Statistical Analysis Capabilities: Includes statistical analysis capabilities (e.g., BMDP).
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Graphing and Reporting Capabilities: Incorporates graphing capabilities and pre-designed reports.
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Text-to-Voice/Voice-to-Voice: Supports text-to-voice or voice-to-voice communication features for referring physicians.
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Visualization: Includes visualization techniques to effectively present massive data amounts.
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On-line Help: Provides on-line assistance for every data element.
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Data Element Conversions: Facilitates conversions between units (e.g., milliliters to liters, grams to milligrams).
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Data Access Tracking: Tracks all data access events.
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Fault-Tolerant Systems: Incorporates fault-tolerant system design.
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Off-the-Shelf System Software: Utilizes off-the-shelf software (avoiding custom development).
Visualization of Multiple Characteristics
- A chart shows the visualization of multiple characteristics (e.g., sex, economic status, blood pressure, weight, age).
Technologies Required (I-II)
- High-Speed Computers
- Large Primary Memory
- Massive and Fast Storage Devices
- High-Resolution Graphics Devices
- Digital X-ray, Sonograms, etc.
- High-Speed Networks
- Mobile and Handheld Interface Devices
Technologies Required (III-IV)
- Scanning Technologies (Bar Code, OCR)
- Voice Processing Hardware
- Database Management Systems
- Graphical Software
- Information Retrieval (IR) Software
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) Software
Medical Informatics Areas: Examples
- Health informatics encompasses medical informatics, nursing informatics, dental informatics, clinical informatics, bioinformatics, public health informatics, and veterinary informatics, among other fields.
Aspects of Medical Informatics Fields
- The different aspects of medical informatics, including fields like information age healthcare, industrial age medicine, cybermedicine, telemedicine, ambulatory medicine, hospital medicine, preventive health care, self care, assisted care, disease management, consumer health informatics, provider-oriented medical informatics, traditional medical informatics, and the emergence of new medical informatics are examined.
Clinical Informatics
- A sub-field of medical informatics focusing on integrating information science, computer science, and clinical science to aid in clinical care data management and support of clinical practice.
Biomedical Informatics
- Focuses on applying information technology and computer science to biomedical science and healthcare practice.
Bioinformatics
- Bioinformatics uses mathematics, statistics, computer science, artificial intelligence, chemistry, and biochemistry to develop methods for solving biological issues at the molecular level.
Public Health Informatics
- Applies information and computer science techniques to public health practice, research, and learning, including data collection, storage, and analysis.
Nursing Informatics (A) & (B)
- A specialist area within healthcare informatics that uses information systems to help nurses manage and deliver patient care, encompassing delivery, documentation, administration, and evaluation.
Dental Informatics
- Applies computer and information sciences to dental care, focusing on improvements in efficiency/effectiveness in various aspects, including administration, clinical care, charting, and patient education.
Medical Cybernetics
- A field that uses cybernetic principles in medical research and practice for applying system and communication theories, and includes areas like modelling of physiological dynamics, information/communication theory, analyzing processes and storage in physiological layers, neural network descriptions, and mathematical decision theory models.
Diagnostic-Therapeutic Cycle
- A cyclical process that encompasses data collection (history, physical exams, lab tests), decision-making (diagnosis and assessment), planning (treatment), and patient evaluation.
Levels of Automated Support
- Six levels of automated support in healthcare, ranging from fundamental computer-based communication and telematics to higher-level research and development in healthcare and therapy.
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Description
Test your knowledge on medical informatics, covering topics such as electronic medical records, telemedicine, and outcomes research. This quiz assesses your understanding of key areas essential for healthcare IT development and management. Dive into the foundational elements that drive efficiency in healthcare settings.
