Medical Imaging Technologies Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a fundamental learning outcome of the Basic Radiological Imaging for Musculoskeletal Medicine class?

Discuss the fundamentals of medical imaging (correct)

Compare and contrast the business aspects of medical imaging facilities

Explore the ethical considerations in medical imaging research

Analyze the historical development of medical imaging techniques

What is the main difference between ionizing and non-ionizing radiation in medical imaging?

Ionizing radiation has sufficient energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, creating ions, while non-ionizing radiation does not have this capability (correct)

Ionizing radiation is used for superficial imaging, while non-ionizing radiation is used for deep tissue imaging

Ionizing radiation is only used in X-rays, while non-ionizing radiation is used in MRI and ultrasound

Non-ionizing radiation has higher energy levels than ionizing radiation

Which imaging modality is NOT mentioned as a part of the musculoskeletal imaging modalities?

PET scan (correct)

Ultrasound

MRI

X-rays

How are digital images stored in a computer's memory?

As a series of pixels, where each pixel is represented by a square box with intensity corresponding to the brightness of the object at a specific location Signup and view all the answers

What principle does ultrasound technology work on?

Reflection and intensity of sound waves Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency range for ultrasound in tissue?

20 kHz – 20 MHz Signup and view all the answers

What causes the 'spin' of the protons to flip in MRI?

Absorption of RF pulse by the molecules Signup and view all the answers

What allows distinguishing between different tissue types in MRI?

Measurement of recovery times (T1 and T2) Signup and view all the answers

What is the speed of sound in water?

1500 m/s Signup and view all the answers

What does the intensity of the reflected ultrasound wave tell us?

About the density of the reflecting medium Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency range for sound in air?

20 – 20,000 Hz Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency range for sound in water?

20 – 20,000 Hz Signup and view all the answers

Which type of radiation can break bonds and cause electrons to be freed from an atom?

Ultraviolet radiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the scanning technique used to determine bone density and diagnose osteoporosis?

Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) Signup and view all the answers

What does BMD stand for in the context of bone density measurement?

Bone Mineral Density Signup and view all the answers

How is the fracture risk related to the T-score in bone density measurement?

Fracture risk doubles with every Standard Deviation (SD) below normal Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the linear attenuation coefficient (lac) in Computerized Tomography (CT)?

To calculate absorption as a function of position within the subject Signup and view all the answers

What does a modern CT machine use to obtain detailed information on thousands of tiny volumes within a subject?

Multiple x-ray projections Signup and view all the answers

What does the World Health Organization use to define bone density levels?

T-score Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a circular 'gantry' in modern CT machines?

To house the x-ray sources and detectors Signup and view all the answers

What is the color scheme in a CT scan based on?

Absorption values Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) in bone density measurement?

To determine bone density and diagnose osteoporosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of heavy elements like calcium in absorbing x-rays?

They are good absorbers of x-rays Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of non-visual, computerized medical imaging systems?

To identify the object to be imaged, apply appropriate technology, and measure the received signal as a function of location Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Medical Imaging Technologies and Their Applications

Array elements have color and brightness values assigned based on measured parameters like absorption and emission of radiation
Non-visual, computerized medical imaging systems follow a simple procedure: identify the object to be imaged, apply appropriate technology, and measure the received signal as a function of location
Each matrix element corresponds to a physical position within the region of study, with its numerical value representing the strength of the received signal
Ionizing radiation with a frequency > ~1 x 10^15 Hz can break bonds and cause electrons to be freed from an atom
X-rays are absorbed differently by materials, with heavy elements like calcium being good absorbers, and soft tissues having similar absorption characteristics, making them difficult to distinguish in standard x-ray pictures
Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) is a scanning technique used to determine bone density and diagnose osteoporosis, with bone mineral density (BMD) measured using two low-dose X-rays absorbed differently by bones and soft tissues
BMD is compared to norms, and a T-score is given as the number of Standard Deviations (SD) between the BMD and the mean BMD of a sample group
World Health Organization defines bone density levels as normal, low bone mass, osteoporosis, and severe osteoporosis, with fracture risk doubling with every SD below normal
Computerized Tomography (CT) involves passing thin x-ray beams through the body and using the linear attenuation coefficient (lac) to calculate absorption as a function of position within the subject
Modern CT machines use multiple x-ray projections to obtain detailed information on thousands of tiny volumes within a subject
CT scans create a 3-d array with each element corresponding to a specific location within the patient, and a color scheme is developed based on absorption values
In modern CT machines, the patient slides through a circular 'gantry' containing x-ray sources and detectors, creating a spiral motion and generating many x-ray projections

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Description

Test your knowledge of medical imaging technologies and their applications with this quiz. Explore topics such as X-rays, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), bone density measurement, and computerized tomography (CT).