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Questions and Answers
What does functional MRI measure?
Changes in deoxygenated haemoglobin concentration
How does ASL differ from PET in terms of measuring tissue perfusion?
ASL is a non-invasive alternative to PET
What is the main advantage of using FLAIR in MRI imaging?
Highly sensitive to pathological abnormalities
How does DTI provide insights into brain structures?
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What type of images does T2-weighted MRI provide contrast between?
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What is the main application of CT imaging?
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What does resting-state fMRI study?
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How does ADC in DTI help in identifying brain damage?
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What is the main difference between T1-weighted and T2-weighted MRI images?
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What does fMRI measure during task-evoked studies?
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Study Notes
Neuroimaging Methods for Nursing Science
- Neuroimaging involves various methods to image brain structure and function.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- Crucial for clear visualization of neurological structures.
- Fluid Attenuation Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) enhances sensitivity to pathological abnormalities.
- Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) measures water molecule diffusion along nerve fibers, providing insights into white matter integrity.
- Arterial Spin Labelling (ASL) focuses on measuring tissue perfusion, especially cerebral blood flow.
- Functional MRI (fMRI) measures changes in deoxygenated haemoglobin concentration, reflecting brain metabolic demand.
- Task-Evoked fMRI studies brain activity in response to specific stimuli.
- Resting-State fMRI explores brain activation in the absence of stimuli.
Computed Tomography (CT)
- Uses X-rays to generate anatomical images.
- Short scan time but involves exposure to ionizing radiation.
- Contrast agents may be used for better tissue discernibility.
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
- Enables in vivo imaging of biological processes using radionuclide tracers.
- Poor modality for structural imaging, often combined with CT for better results.
- Short half-life of tracer molecules requires proximity to a PET imaging centre.
Electroencephalography (EEG) and Magnetoencephalography (MEG)
- Functional neuroimaging techniques mapping brain activity in real-time.
- EEG detects electrical fields, whereas MEG detects magnetic fields.
- Both techniques provide information on dynamic interaction between brain areas.
Choosing the Right Modality
- Selection based on the nature of the research question: structure, perfusion, connectivity, or real-time activity.
- Consideration of patient population needs, tolerability, and safety.
Patient Safety Considerations
- CT and PET involve radiation exposure; precautions are necessary, especially for females of childbearing age.
- Informed consent should include discussion of benefits and risks.
Limitations and Funding
- Nurse researchers must address funding challenges for neuroimaging research.
- Collaboration with neuroscientists and radiologists is crucial.
- Overcoming barriers requires additional education and training.
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Description
Test your knowledge on medical imaging modalities such as Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Electroencephalography (EEG), and Magnetoencephalography (MEG). Learn about the use of ionizing radiation, contrast agents, and radionuclide tracers in these imaging techniques.
