Medical Imaging Modalities

Study Notes

Modalities

X-ray: uses X-rays to produce images of internal structures
Computed Tomography (CT): uses X-rays and computer algorithms to produce cross-sectional images
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of internal structures
Ultrasound: uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of internal structures
Positron Emission Tomography (PET): uses small amounts of radioactive material to produce images of metabolic activity
Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT): uses small amounts of radioactive material to produce images of internal structures

Image Reconstruction

Direct reconstruction: directly reconstructs an image from raw data
Indirect reconstruction: reconstructs an image from intermediate data
Reconstruction algorithms: examples include filtered backprojection, iterative reconstruction, and model-based reconstruction

Image Processing

Image filtering: applies mathematical filters to enhance or remove features from an image
Image registration: aligns multiple images to a common coordinate system
Image segmentation: separates an image into distinct regions or features
Image analysis: extracts quantitative information from an image

Radiation Safety

Ionizing radiation: X-rays, gamma rays, and other forms of electromagnetic radiation that can cause DNA damage
Radiation exposure: measured in Sieverts (Sv) or Rems (R)
Radiation protection: uses shielding, distance, and time to minimize radiation exposure
Radiation safety regulations: vary by country and region, but aim to minimize radiation exposure to patients and staff

Medical Imaging Applications

Diagnostic imaging: uses medical imaging to diagnose and monitor diseases
Interventional imaging: uses medical imaging to guide minimally invasive procedures
Radiation therapy: uses medical imaging to plan and deliver radiation treatment
Research: uses medical imaging to study the underlying biology of diseases and develop new treatments

X-ray modality uses X-rays to produce images of internal structures
Computed Tomography (CT) modality uses X-rays and computer algorithms to produce cross-sectional images
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) modality uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of internal structures
Ultrasound modality uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of internal structures
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) modality uses small amounts of radioactive material to produce images of metabolic activity
Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) modality uses small amounts of radioactive material to produce images of internal structures

Direct reconstruction reconstructs an image from raw data
Indirect reconstruction reconstructs an image from intermediate data
Filtered backprojection, iterative reconstruction, and model-based reconstruction are examples of reconstruction algorithms

Image filtering applies mathematical filters to enhance or remove features from an image
Image registration aligns multiple images to a common coordinate system
Image segmentation separates an image into distinct regions or features
Image analysis extracts quantitative information from an image

Ionizing radiation includes X-rays, gamma rays, and other forms of electromagnetic radiation that can cause DNA damage
Radiation exposure is measured in Sieverts (Sv) or Rems (R)
Radiation protection uses shielding, distance, and time to minimize radiation exposure
Radiation safety regulations vary by country and region, but aim to minimize radiation exposure to patients and staff

Diagnostic imaging uses medical imaging to diagnose and monitor diseases
Interventional imaging uses medical imaging to guide minimally invasive procedures
Radiation therapy uses medical imaging to plan and deliver radiation treatment
Research uses medical imaging to study the underlying biology of diseases and develop new treatments