Medical Histology Lecture: Digestive System Structure and Function

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What is the function of the GI tract?

To chew and break down food into small pieces

To absorb small molecules and water into the blood (correct)

To release digestive enzymes for chemical digestion

To secrete hormones for growth

Which of the following is NOT part of the digestive tract?

Liver (correct)

Small intestine

Stomach

Esophagus

What is the main purpose of ingestion in the digestive process?

To secrete saliva

To move food through the digestive tract

To introduce food into the oral cavity (correct)

To mix food with digestive enzymes

What is the primary component of enamel in the human body?

Calcium hydroxyapatite Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves breaking down food into digestible pieces?

Mastication Signup and view all the answers

Why is fluoride added to toothpaste and water supplies?

To make enamel more resistant to acidic dissolution Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hormone release in the digestive system?

Control motility and secretion locally Signup and view all the answers

Where are esophageal cardiac glands found?

In the lamina propria near the stomach Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to enzymatic breakdown of large food molecules into smaller subunits?

Chemical digestion Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle is predominant in the lower portion of the esophagus?

Smooth muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of esophageal glands?

Secretion of mucus to facilitate food transport and protect the mucosa Signup and view all the answers

What is the mucosal lining of the esophagus primarily composed of?

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium covers the red vermilion zone of each lip?

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Which structure manipulates ingested materials during mastication and swallowing?

Tongue Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of filiform papillae on the tongue?

Facilitate the movement of food during chewing Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lingual papillae are interspersed among filiform papillae and are mushroom-shaped?

Fungiform papillae Signup and view all the answers

Where are the foliate papillae located on the tongue?

Anterior to the sulcus terminalis Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the tongue has hundreds of small protruding papillae and mass lingual tonsils?

Dorsal Surface Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Paneth cells in the intestine?

Participate in innate immunity by releasing defensins Signup and view all the answers

Where are chylomicrons produced in the intestinal cells?

Golgi apparatus Signup and view all the answers

Which cells in the intestine have chemoreceptors to sample nutrient levels?

Enteroendocrine cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of M cells in the intestine?

Sample intestinal microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for uptake of chylomicrons by lacteal?

Villi Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lipids in enterocytes?

To form chylomicrons for lipid transport Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the appendix?

Being a component of the MALT Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates the muscularis of the colon from that of the small intestine?

Outer layer fibers gathered into tinea coli in the colon Signup and view all the answers

What type of lining replaces the simple columnar lining at the recto-anal junction?

Stratified squamous epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What structures form folds called anal columns in the anal canal?

Submucosa and lamina propria Signup and view all the answers

What muscle forms the internal anal sphincter near the anus?

Circular layer of the muscularis of rectum Signup and view all the answers

What does defecation involve in terms of muscle action?

Action of voluntary muscle Signup and view all the answers