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Questions and Answers
Which law is used to determine the mixture of gases in gas analysis?
Which law is used to determine the mixture of gases in gas analysis?
- Boyle's Law
- Dalton’s Law of partial pressures (correct)
- Graham's Law
- Charles's Law
What are the components of a Galvanic (fuel cell) sensor used in oxygen analysis?
What are the components of a Galvanic (fuel cell) sensor used in oxygen analysis?
- Oxygen passes through a semipermeable membrane and dissolves into an electrolyte solution at the cathode (correct)
- Oxygen is measured using paramagnetic properties
- Oxygen reacts with a catalyst to produce an electrical current
- Oxygen undergoes fluorescence-quenching to produce a measurable signal
How does electromagnetic radiation interact with matter in gas analysis?
How does electromagnetic radiation interact with matter in gas analysis?
- Via Polarization, Dispersion, Diffusion or Emission
- Via Ionization, Excitation, Scattering or Absorption
- Via Reflection, Refraction, Diffraction or Absorption (correct)
- Via Emission, Absorption, Scattering or Transmission
What is measured to perform gas analysis?
What is measured to perform gas analysis?
How do Galvanic sensors measure oxygen levels?
How do Galvanic sensors measure oxygen levels?
What principle is utilized by Clark electrodes to measure oxygen levels?
What principle is utilized by Clark electrodes to measure oxygen levels?
How do Paramagnetic analyzers measure oxygen concentration?
How do Paramagnetic analyzers measure oxygen concentration?
What is used to analyze oxygen concentration in Fluorescence quenching?
What is used to analyze oxygen concentration in Fluorescence quenching?
How do Colorimetric sensors detect carbon dioxide?
How do Colorimetric sensors detect carbon dioxide?
How do Severinghaus PCO2 electrodes measure CO2 concentration?
How do Severinghaus PCO2 electrodes measure CO2 concentration?
What does Mass spectrometry provide in gas analysis?
What does Mass spectrometry provide in gas analysis?
What does Infrared analysis measure in gas samples?
What does Infrared analysis measure in gas samples?
What is the limitation of Raman scattering analysis?
What is the limitation of Raman scattering analysis?
What are the advantages of infrared analysis in gas analysis?
What are the advantages of infrared analysis in gas analysis?
What is used to measure organic and inorganic gases based on absorption of electromagnetic waves?
What is used to measure organic and inorganic gases based on absorption of electromagnetic waves?
What does Henry’s Law state about gas dissolving into a liquid layer surrounding a crystal?
What does Henry’s Law state about gas dissolving into a liquid layer surrounding a crystal?
What is the main purpose of Capnography?
What is the main purpose of Capnography?
What is Standard 6 of the anesthesia equipment standard?
What is Standard 6 of the anesthesia equipment standard?
How is EtCO2 used to infer PaCO2?
How is EtCO2 used to infer PaCO2?
Which phase of waveform analysis corresponds to alveolar $pCO2$?
Which phase of waveform analysis corresponds to alveolar $pCO2$?
What does an elevated baseline in EtCO2 waveform analysis indicate?
What does an elevated baseline in EtCO2 waveform analysis indicate?
What does prolonged expiratory upstroke in EtCO2 waveform analysis suggest?
What does prolonged expiratory upstroke in EtCO2 waveform analysis suggest?
What is the purpose of gas sampling using a mainstream sensor?
What is the purpose of gas sampling using a mainstream sensor?
What factors can increase the arterial-alveolar gradient?
What factors can increase the arterial-alveolar gradient?
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Study Notes
Gas Analysis Techniques in Medical Devices
- Galvanic sensors measure oxygen levels through oxidative-reductive reactions, with limited shelf life due to continual consumption
- Clark electrodes use a polarizing voltage to measure oxygen levels, with current flowing in proportion to the partial pressure of oxygen
- Paramagnetic analyzers utilize the paramagnetic nature of oxygen to measure its concentration accurately and rapidly
- Fluorescence quenching is used to analyze oxygen concentration by determining the amount of emitted photons
- Colorimetric sensors detect carbon dioxide by utilizing the principle of fluorescence quenching and changes in pH-sensitive dyes
- Severinghaus PCO2 electrodes measure CO2 concentration through the diffusion of CO2 into a bicarbonate solution
- Beer-Lambert Law is used to measure organic and inorganic gases based on the absorption of electromagnetic waves
- Mass spectrometry separates all gases in a mass-to-charge ratio and provides volume percent of the sample gas mixture
- Infrared analysis measures the fraction of radiation absorbed by a gas sample to determine the partial pressure of individual gases
- Raman scattering analysis uses laser interaction with gas molecules to observe alterations to wavelength frequency
- Advantages of infrared analysis include accurate real-time multiple gas analysis, while disadvantages include interference by water vapor
- Ramen spectroscopy has limitations in measuring monatomic gases and requires frequent calibration and higher volumes of sampling gas
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