Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which device is used to evaluate the oxygen saturation of a patient?
Which device is used to evaluate the oxygen saturation of a patient?
A patient is positioned on their stomach with their legs extended. Which position is this?
A patient is positioned on their stomach with their legs extended. Which position is this?
Which physical assessment technique uses tapping to evaluate density or fluid in body tissues?
Which physical assessment technique uses tapping to evaluate density or fluid in body tissues?
A patient's chart includes their date of birth, birthplace, and emergency contact details. What is this known as?
A patient's chart includes their date of birth, birthplace, and emergency contact details. What is this known as?
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What does the level of 'secondary prevention' focus on?
What does the level of 'secondary prevention' focus on?
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According to the ABCDE mnemonic, what should you watch out for when identifying melanoma?
According to the ABCDE mnemonic, what should you watch out for when identifying melanoma?
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Which of these describes a method of 'auscultation'?
Which of these describes a method of 'auscultation'?
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In an assessment using OLD CARTS, what does the 'L' stand for?
In an assessment using OLD CARTS, what does the 'L' stand for?
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Study Notes
Equipment
- Thermometers measure temperature
- Stethoscopes detect body sounds (bell for low-pitched, diaphragm for high-pitched)
- Sphygmomanometers measure blood pressure
- Pulse oximeters check oxygen saturation
- Scales measure weight and height
- Snellen charts assess eyesight
- Ophthalmoscopes examine eye structures
- Otoscopes examine ears
- Penlights have diverse uses
- Rulers/tape measures provide accurate measurements
Positions
- Semi-Fowler's position aids lung expansion
- Supine position is lying on the back for comfort
- Prone position involves lying on the stomach (for hip/knee extension)
- Dorsal recumbent position is lying on the back with bent knees
- Lithotomy position uses stirrups, often for vaginal exams
- Sims' position is a recovery position to prevent aspiration
- Lateral recumbent position involves lying on the side (used for suppositories)
- Knee-chest position is used for rectal exams
Techniques
- Four main techniques: inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation
- Inspection uses sight, smell, and hearing
- Palpation assesses texture, tenderness, size, and temperature (with fingertips/dorsal hand)
- Percussion assesses density/fluid by tapping directly or indirectly
- Auscultation uses a stethoscope to listen to sounds directly on the skin
Health History
- Biographical data includes date of birth (DOB), birthplace, and emergency contacts
- Reason for seeking care explains the patient's visit
- History of present illness uses OLD CARTS (Onset, Location, Duration, Characteristics, Aggravating factors, Relieving factors, Timing, Severity)
- Present health status includes conditions, medications, and allergies
- Family history covers blood relatives
- Personal history reviews habits, nutrition, and mental health
Prevention Levels
- Primary prevention stops diseases before they occur (e.g., vaccines)
- Secondary prevention detects diseases early (e.g., mammograms)
- Tertiary prevention manages diseases (e.g., physical therapy)
Skin, Nails, and Lesions
- Melanoma assessment uses ABCDE: Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter (> 6mm), Evolution
- Primary skin lesions include moles
- Secondary skin lesions include scars
- Vascular lesions include petechiae
- Normal nail findings: smooth, firm, translucent, capillary refill (< 2 seconds)
Communication
- Therapeutic communication helps patients feel comfortable sharing
- Techniques include active listening, restating, reflecting, summarizing
- Communication barriers include distractions, nurse demeanor, and poorly phrased questions
- Build trust with empathy and clarity
Musculoskeletal System
- Normal findings: symmetrical movement, balance, and strength
- Assess range of motion (ROM) by asking the patient to move joints
- Assess strength using resistance
- Inspect for swelling, alignment, and deformities
- Palpate for heat, tenderness, and crepitus
- Promote musculoskeletal health with exercise, good body mechanics, and bone density testing
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Description
Test your knowledge on essential medical equipment and patient positions used in healthcare settings. This quiz covers various tools like thermometers and stethoscopes, as well as important patient positioning techniques. Perfect for nursing students and healthcare professionals!
