8 Questions
Which measure involves the use of x-rays and infrared rays to control arthropods?
Physical measures
What is the primary focus of mechanical control measures?
Removing pests by hand or trapping them
What is the purpose of employing screens, bands of oil, or sticky substances in arthropod control?
To trap and keep pests out of an area
Which method involves the introduction of parasites, predators, and diseases to control harmful arthropods?
Biological control
In arthropod control, what do metallic barriers primarily aim to do?
Prevent pests from entering an area
Which control measure focuses on reducing toxicity to humans when using pesticides?
Chemical measures
How does biological control aim to reduce pest populations?
By introducing parasites, predators, and diseases
What distinguishes physical control measures from other methods?
Energy factors like heat, cold, and light are used
Study Notes
Effects of Arthropods on Human Health
- Arthropods can cause direct effects on human health through bites, which can lead to inflammation or toxic effects (e.g., mosquitoes and fleas)
- They can also cause indirect effects by transmitting pathogens, such as bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections
- Arthropods can act as vectors of infectious diseases, which can be classified into two types: biological vectors and mechanical vectors
Biological Vectors
- Biological vectors acquire pathogenic agents during blood feeding, and the parasites multiply and develop inside the arthropod's body (e.g., malaria)
Mechanical Vectors
- Mechanical vectors transmit pathogens through contaminated external surfaces of their bodies, without multiplication or development inside their bodies (e.g., Ascaris)
Modes of Disease Transmission by Arthropods
- Direct Contact: Direct contact between hosts allows arthropod vectors to transmit diseases (e.g., pediculosis and scabies)
- Mechanical Transmission: Arthropods mechanically transmit pathogens through contaminated external surfaces (e.g., diseases transmitted by houseflies, such as diarrhea, dysentery, cholera, and hepatitis A & E)
- Biological Transmission: Arthropods can transmit pathogens through biological transmission, which can be categorized into three types:
- Cyclo-developmental: The agent undergoes cyclical changes but doesn't multiply in the arthropod's body (e.g., W. bancrofti in Culex female)
- Cyclo-propagative: The agent undergoes cyclical changes and multiplies in the arthropod's body (e.g., Plasmodium spp. in Anopheles female)
- Propagative: The agent grows and multiplies in the arthropod's body (e.g., plague bacilli in rat flea)
- Transovarian (Vertical Transmission): The organism passes to the offspring (e.g., Zika virus in female Aedes)
Control Measures of Arthropods
- Mechanical Measures:
- Handpicking and destroying insect pests
- Using screens, bands of heavy oil, or sticky substances as temporary barriers
- Employing metallic barriers
- Physical Measures:
- Using energy factors (heat, cold, light, sound, x-rays, and infrared rays) to kill pests or attract them to a killing mechanism
- Biological Control:
- Introducing, producing, and releasing parasites, predators, and diseases that attack and reduce or control populations of harmful arthropods
- Chemical Measures:
- Using appropriate pesticides to kill arthropods with reduced toxicity to humans
Explore the medical importance of arthropods, focusing on their effects on human health through direct and indirect transmission of pathogens. Learn about prevention and control measures for arthropod-transmitted diseases in this quiz by Dr. Maha Mohammed Alabbassy.
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