36 Questions
Which condition is characterized by relative hypovolemia due to vasodilation?
Distributive Shock
Which type of shock is caused by drugs like nitrates and calcium-channel blockers?
Neurogenic shock
What is a leading cause of death for critically ill people?
Insufficient blood flow reaching body tissues
Which symptom is associated with shock?
$SBP < 90$ mm Hg
What type of shock is characterized by decreased pumping function of the heart?
Cardiogenic Shock
Which type of shock is caused by massive pulmonary embolism?
Cardiogenic Shock
What causes relative hypovolemia due to vasodilation in distributive shock?
Decreased systemic vascular resistance
Which of the following is true about crystalloids?
They have a total osmolality similar to plasma (280 - 295 mmol/kg)
What is the drug of choice for anaphylactic shock?
Epinephrine
What is the primary route for administering epinephrine in emergency situations?
Intravenous (IV)
What is the preferred route for administering norepinephrine for rapid onset of action?
Intravenous (IV)
Which vasopressor stimulates alpha1 receptors resulting in vasoconstriction?
Norepinephrine
What is the drug of choice in septic shock?
Norepinephrine
Which medication has a weak effect on beta2 receptors and stimulates beta1 receptors to increase cardiac output and heart rate?
Dobutamine
Which of the following is a cause of hypovolaemic shock?
Ruptured ectopic pregnancy
Which type of shock is characterized by excessive fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac?
Cardiogenic shock
Which symptom is associated with shock?
Oliguria
What causes relative hypovolemia due to vasodilation in distributive shock?
Anaphylactic reaction
Which condition is characterized by a decrease in filling of cardiac chambers and a decrease in cardiac output?
Pericardial tamponade
Which type of shock is caused by drugs like nitrates and calcium-channel blockers?
Distributive shock
What is the primary route for administering epinephrine in emergency situations?
Intravenous route
What is the drug of choice for anaphylactic shock?
Epinephrine
What type of shock is characterized by decreased pumping function of the heart?
Cardiogenic shock
What causes intravascular deficit in hypovolaemic shock?
External loss
Which vasopressor stimulates alpha1 receptors resulting in vasoconstriction?
Phenylephrine
Which medication has minor activity on beta1 receptors and stimulates alpha1 receptors resulting in vasoconstriction?
Norepinephrine
What is the drug of choice for septic shock?
Norepinephrine
Which medication is preferred for the treatment of shock when volume resuscitation fails to maintain adequate blood pressure and organ perfusion?
Norepinephrine
What is the primary effect of dopamine at low doses?
$\alpha$-adrenergic stimulation
Which medication stimulates $\beta$1 receptors to increase cardiac output and heart rate?
$\alpha$-adrenergic inhibition
What is the primary route for administering epinephrine in emergency situations?
$\text{IV (intravenous)}$
What is the primary route for administering norepinephrine for rapid onset of action?
$\text{IV (intravenous)}$
What causes relative hypovolemia due to vasodilation in distributive shock?
Vasodilation
What is the duration of action for epinephrine?
1 to 2 minutes
What are the potential side effects of norepinephrine?
Hypertension, dysrhythmia, ischemia
At what infusion rates is dopamine used for treating shock?
5-15 μg/kg/min
Test your knowledge of serious medical conditions that can result in insufficient blood flow to body tissues, leading to emergencies and potential fatalities. Learn about causes and symptoms of conditions such as intravascular deficit, myocardial pump failure, and excessive blood loss.
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