15 Questions
What type of acute kidney injury does the 78-year-old man likely have?
Prerenal acute kidney injury
What is the significance of the serum creatinine levels in this case?
Increased due to dehydration and low blood volume
What is the likely cause of orthostatic hypotension in this case?
Peripheral vasodilation due to hypovolemia
What is the most likely cause of the patient's situation described in the text?
Nephrolithiasis
Which test is better than ultrasound and KUB X-ray for confirmation of stones in the urinary system?
Non-contrast abdominal CT
What should be the initial management for a patient with renal stone disorder?
Encourage fluid intake and provide pain relief
Which of the following is a clinical clue for prerenal acute kidney injury due to volume depletion?
Orthostatic hypotension
What findings would you expect in a patient suffering from chronic kidney disease due to untreated hypertension?
Decreased glomerular filtration rate and elevated albumin-creatinine ratio
What symptoms and findings are consistent with the patient's illness script?
+1 pitting edema, acute global headaches, and elevated blood pressure
What is the primary reason why high-protein diets are inadvisable for known stone formers?
They increase calcium resorption from bone
Why should a high-sodium diet be avoided in the context of stone formation?
It increases calcium oxalate stone formation
What is the potential consequence of dietary calcium restriction for stone formers?
Increased urinary calcium excretion
How does citrate supplementation potentially help with stone formation?
By forming soluble complexes with calcium
What is the impact of hydration on stone formation?
It dilutes unknown substances that predispose to stone formation
Why do high-protein diets stimulate an increase in calcium resorption from bone in known stone formers?
To reduce GFR response to protein load
Test your knowledge of medical diagnosis with this quiz based on a case involving urinalysis and serum tests. Analyze the given laboratory results to make a diagnosis for the patient's condition.
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