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Questions and Answers
What is the equivalent of 1 fluid dram (fl dr) in milliliters (mL)?
A patient weighs 66 pounds and needs a medication with a dose of 2 mg/kg. What is the desired dose?
A pediatric patient has a height of 100 cm and weighs 20 kg. What is their body surface area (BSA) in square meters?
A medication has a strength of 250 mg per tablet. If the desired dose is 1000 mg, how many tablets should the patient take?
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A pediatric patient is 5 years old and needs a medication with an adult dose of 200 mg. What is the dosage using Clark's rule?
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What is the formula to calculate the total dose of a medication?
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A patient needs a medication with a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, and the patient weighs 40 kg. What is the desired dose in milligrams?
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What method is used to convert between different units of measurement, such as milligrams to micrograms?
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A medication has a concentration of 50 mg/mL, and the desired dose is 200 mg. How much fluid should the patient receive in milliliters?
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What method is used to convert between different forms of the same medication, such as tablet to liquid?
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Study Notes
Medication Conversions
-
Unit conversions:
- 1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 milliliters (mL)
- 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 mL
- 1 fluid dram (fl dr) = 4 mL
-
Weight conversions:
- 1 pound (lb) = 0.45 kilograms (kg)
- 1 kilogram (kg) = 2.2 pounds (lb)
-
Ratio and proportion:
- Used to convert between different measurement systems
- Example: If 2 tablets = 1000 mg, how many tablets = 2500 mg?
Dosage Formulas
-
Desired dose formula:
- Desired dose (DD) = (Weight in kg) x (Dose in mg/kg)
-
Ordered dose formula:
- Ordered dose (OD) = (DD) / (Dose on hand in mg/unit)
- ** Dosage calculation formula:**
- Dosage = (DD) / (Strength of medication in mg/unit)
Pediatric Dosing
-
Body surface area (BSA) method:
- Used for pediatric patients to calculate dosage based on body surface area
- BSA (m²) = √(Height in cm x Weight in kg) / 3600
-
Clark's rule:
- Used for pediatric patients to calculate dosage based on age
- Dosage = (Age in years + 1) / (Age in years + 7) x Adult dose
-
Young's rule:
- Used for pediatric patients to calculate dosage based on age
- Dosage = (Age in years / (Age in years + 12)) x Adult dose
Medication Conversions
- 1 teaspoon (tsp) is equal to 5 milliliters (mL)
- 1 tablespoon (tbsp) is equal to 15 mL
- 1 fluid dram (fl dr) is equal to 4 mL
- 1 pound (lb) is equal to 0.45 kilograms (kg)
- 1 kilogram (kg) is equal to 2.2 pounds (lb)
- Ratio and proportion are used to convert between different measurement systems
Dosage Formulas
- The desired dose formula is: Desired dose (DD) = (Weight in kg) x (Dose in mg/kg)
- The ordered dose formula is: Ordered dose (OD) = (DD) / (Dose on hand in mg/unit)
- The dosage calculation formula is: Dosage = (DD) / (Strength of medication in mg/unit)
Pediatric Dosing
- The body surface area (BSA) method is used to calculate dosage based on body surface area
- BSA (m²) is calculated as: √(Height in cm x Weight in kg) / 3600
- Clark's rule is used to calculate dosage based on age: Dosage = (Age in years + 1) / (Age in years + 7) x Adult dose
- Young's rule is used to calculate dosage based on age: Dosage = (Age in years / (Age in years + 12)) x Adult dose
Dosage Calculations
Dosage Formulas
- Desired Dose Formula: calculates the desired dose in mg by multiplying the weight in kg by the dose in mg/kg, then dividing by the frequency in times/day.
- Total Dose Formula: calculates the total dose in mg by multiplying the desired dose in mg by the frequency in times/day.
- Fluid Dosage Formula: calculates the amount of fluid in mL by dividing the desired dose in mg by the concentration in mg/mL.
Medication Conversions
Ratio and Proportion Method
- used to convert between different units of measurement (e.g., mg to mcg).
- involves setting up a proportion with the known values and solving for the unknown value.
Unit Analysis Method
- used to convert between different units of measurement (e.g., mL to L).
- involves dividing the given quantity by the conversion factor to obtain the desired unit.
Equivalent Dose Method
- used to convert between different forms of the same medication (e.g., tablet to liquid).
- involves calculating the equivalent dose based on the strength and amount of the medication.
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Description
Practice converting between different units of measurement and calculate dosages using formulas. Units include teaspoons, milliliters, pounds, and kilograms. Learn and apply ratio and proportion concepts.
