Medical Consultation Process: Chest Examination Landmarks
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Questions and Answers

What is the recommended patient position for a cardiorespiratory examination?

  • Prone position
  • Flat on the back
  • 45 degrees upright (correct)
  • Standing position

    • In chest examination, what is assessed by observing the patient's level of comfort?

  • Blood pressure
  • Muscle strength
  • Heart rate
  • Breathing pattern (correct)

    • How is body built defined in a clinical examination?

  • Height to span relationship (correct)
  • Body mass index (BMI)
  • Weight to height ratio
  • Muscle mass to fat ratio

    • What is the Glasgow Coma Scale used to assess in patients?

    <p>Consciousness level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the signs of vitamin deficiency that can be observed during a chest examination?

    <p>Central cyanosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is nutrition clinically assessed using anthropometric measurements?

    <p>Recording height and weight measurements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal ratio of the anteroposterior diameter to the transverse diameter of the chest?

    <p>$\frac{5}{7}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a normal chest shape?

    <p>Bulging during inspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following chest abnormalities is characterized by a depression in the sternum?

    <p>Pectus excavatum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for the subcostal angle in a healthy individual?

    <p>90° ± 20°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following techniques is used to assess the respiratory rate while avoiding voluntary changes by the patient?

    <p>Counting chest movements while distracting the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following chest abnormalities is characterized by a protrusion of the sternum?

    <p>Pectus carinatum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following observations is NOT a normal finding during examination of the jugular venous pulse (JVP)?

    <p>The JVP being visible above the clavicles on both sides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following findings during lower limb examination is suggestive of peripheral arterial disease?

    <p>Absent peripheral pulsations and cool extremities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is NOT a common cause of non-pitting edema?

    <p>Hypoalbuminemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following findings during lower limb examination is suggestive of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

    <p>Tender calf muscle with redness and warmth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding personal history taking is INCORRECT?

    <p>The patient's name should be recorded as their first name only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding examination of the thyroid gland is correct?

    <p>Thyroid examination is performed after examining the jugular venous pulse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    General Examination

    • Introduce yourself, explain the purpose, obtain consent, wash hands, and position yourself and the patient
    • Ensure adequate exposure while maintaining patient privacy
    • Observe the patient's general appearance, including:
      • Level of consciousness (Glasgow Coma Scale: 3-15)
      • Level of comfort (pain, sweating, breathlessness, use of accessory muscles)
      • Body build (relationship between height and span according to age, sex, and race)
      • Any medical equipment nearby (oxygen cylinders, nebulizers, sputum pots, medicines, intercostal tube)

    Nutrition and Anthropometric Measurements

    • Measure Body Mass Index (BMI)
    • Look for signs of vitamin deficiency
    • Evaluate attitude and decubitus (position of the patient in bed)

    Chest Examination

    • Inspect the chest for:
      • Shape (elliptical, symmetrical, AP diameter = 5/7 transverse diameter)
      • Respiratory movement (rate, rhythm, depth, type of breathing)
      • Pulsation, dilated veins, pigmentation, sinuses, fistula, scars, skin rashes
      • Subcostal angle (90 ±20)
    • Palpate, percuss, and auscultate the chest

    Thyroid Examination

    • Examine the thyroid gland for goiter

    Lower Limb Examination

    • Inspect the nails for clubbing, color, splinter hemorrhage, pitting, etc.
    • Examine the skin for rashes, pigmentations, scars
    • Check for edema (type, unilateral or bilateral, level, and test for sacral edema in bedridden patients)
    • Evaluate peripheral pulsations, tender calves, and diabetic foot

    Patient History Taking

    • Take a thorough personal history, including:
      • Name and surname
      • Sex
      • Age and occupation
      • Marital status
      • Residence
      • Special habits

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    Description

    Learn about the important landmarks and steps involved in a local chest examination process, including inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation. Understand criteria for evaluating the shape of the chest, symmetry, and respiratory movement.

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