Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the most likely diagnosis for the 15-year-old girl with lightheadedness, headaches, and fatigue?
What is the most likely diagnosis for the 15-year-old girl with lightheadedness, headaches, and fatigue?
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Diabetes
- Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) (correct)
- Rapid-onset obesity with hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation, and autonomic dysregulation (ROHHAD) syndrome
Which neurotransmitter is released by sympathetic preganglionic neurons?
Which neurotransmitter is released by sympathetic preganglionic neurons?
- Acetylcholine (correct)
- Epinephrine
- Glycine
- Norepinephrine
What does the absence of a normal increase in blood pressure during phase 4 of the Valsalva maneuver suggest?
What does the absence of a normal increase in blood pressure during phase 4 of the Valsalva maneuver suggest?
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Parkinson disease
- Parasympathetic dysfunction (correct)
- Sympathetic dysfunction
True or False: A patient with anhidrosis on thermoregulatory sweat testing and a normal result on quantitative sudomotor autonomic reflex testing has a preganglionic sudomotor abnormality.
True or False: A patient with anhidrosis on thermoregulatory sweat testing and a normal result on quantitative sudomotor autonomic reflex testing has a preganglionic sudomotor abnormality.
Which of the following is associated with autonomic neuropathy?
Which of the following is associated with autonomic neuropathy?
In a patient with suspected autonomic dysfunction, what symptom would indicate sympathetic dysfunction?
In a patient with suspected autonomic dysfunction, what symptom would indicate sympathetic dysfunction?
Which test is most likely to confirm the diagnosis in the text?
Which test is most likely to confirm the diagnosis in the text?
What is the mechanism of action for dabigatran?
What is the mechanism of action for dabigatran?
In a patient with sickle cell disease and high-velocity flow in the middle cerebral artery, what is the best method to prevent stroke?
In a patient with sickle cell disease and high-velocity flow in the middle cerebral artery, what is the best method to prevent stroke?
A 30-year-old woman with a history of migraines presents with stroke. What is expected based on the information provided?
A 30-year-old woman with a history of migraines presents with stroke. What is expected based on the information provided?
Which of the following medications is recommended to treat the underlying condition in a 20-year-old man with intellectual disability, myopia, and stroke?
Which of the following medications is recommended to treat the underlying condition in a 20-year-old man with intellectual disability, myopia, and stroke?
Which of the following tests antagonizes the vitamin K–dependent clotting pathway?
Which of the following tests antagonizes the vitamin K–dependent clotting pathway?
What is the purpose of using CHADS2 or CHA2DS2-VASc scores in patients with atrial fibrillation?
What is the purpose of using CHADS2 or CHA2DS2-VASc scores in patients with atrial fibrillation?
Which of the following is an element included in the CHA2DS2-VASc score for stroke risk estimation?
Which of the following is an element included in the CHA2DS2-VASc score for stroke risk estimation?
What is the acronym CHADS2 derived from?
What is the acronym CHADS2 derived from?
Which score provides better stratification for low-risk patients: CHADS2 or CHA2DS2-VASc?
Which score provides better stratification for low-risk patients: CHADS2 or CHA2DS2-VASc?
What is the HAS-BLED score primarily used for in patients with atrial fibrillation?
What is the HAS-BLED score primarily used for in patients with atrial fibrillation?
Which medication can be used to prevent recurrent stroke or TIA in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation?
Which medication can be used to prevent recurrent stroke or TIA in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation?
CADASIL is associated with fibrosis of small arteries and arterioles due to deposition of eosinophilic granular material in which layer of the blood vessels?
CADASIL is associated with fibrosis of small arteries and arterioles due to deposition of eosinophilic granular material in which layer of the blood vessels?
Which gene mutation is responsible for causing CADASIL?
Which gene mutation is responsible for causing CADASIL?
What characteristic changes can be observed in the white matter of patients with CADASIL on T2-weighted MRI?
What characteristic changes can be observed in the white matter of patients with CADASIL on T2-weighted MRI?
Which condition is associated with dilated perivascular spaces and cerebral microbleeds?
Which condition is associated with dilated perivascular spaces and cerebral microbleeds?
If gene testing for NOTCH3 mutations is negative but CADASIL is still suspected, what diagnostic procedure can be considered?
If gene testing for NOTCH3 mutations is negative but CADASIL is still suspected, what diagnostic procedure can be considered?
What causes cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL)?
What causes cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL)?
What factor increases the risk for recurrence of lobar hemorrhage?
What factor increases the risk for recurrence of lobar hemorrhage?
Which medication causes decreased fibrinogen, antithrombin III, protein C, and protein S?
Which medication causes decreased fibrinogen, antithrombin III, protein C, and protein S?
What surgery is recommended for patients with cerebellar hemorrhage and worsening neurologic status?
What surgery is recommended for patients with cerebellar hemorrhage and worsening neurologic status?
Which condition may result in acquired protein C deficiency?
Which condition may result in acquired protein C deficiency?
What is the most common site of intracranial hemorrhage due to hypertension?
What is the most common site of intracranial hemorrhage due to hypertension?
Which diagnostic procedure should be performed to rule out subarachnoid hemorrhage in a concerning case?
Which diagnostic procedure should be performed to rule out subarachnoid hemorrhage in a concerning case?
