Medical Billing Chapter 5 Key Terms
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Questions and Answers

What does the Privacy Act of 1974 forbid the Medicare regional payer from disclosing?

  • The name of the patient
  • The date of service
  • The provider's information
  • The status of any unassigned claim (correct)
  • What does HIPAA's privacy rule create?

    National standards to protect individuals' medical records and personal health information.

    What does privileged communication entail?

    Private information shared between a patient and health care provider.

    What does the Program for Evaluating Payment Patterns Electronic Report (PEPPER) contain?

    <p>Hospital-specific administrative claims data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is protected health information (PHI)?

    <p>Information identifiable to an individual, such as name, address, or Social Security Number.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'qui tam' refer to?

    <p>A provision of the False Claims Act allowing a private citizen to sue for fraud.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of record retention?

    <p>To store documentation for an established period mandated by law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Recovery Audit Contractor program (RAC)?

    <p>A program to find and correct improper Medicare payments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are regulations?

    <p>Guidelines written by administrative agencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for a Release of Information (ROI)?

    <p>The patient or representative must sign an authorization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a release of information log?

    <p>To document patient information released to authorized requestors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a risk adjustment model do?

    <p>Provides payments to health plans attracting higher-risk enrollees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the risk transfer formula achieve?

    <p>Transfers funds from health plans with lower risk enrollees to those with higher risk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by security in the context of patient information?

    <p>Controlling access and protecting patient information from alteration or loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do HIPAA standards and safeguards protect?

    <p>Health information collected or transmitted electronically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Stark I address?

    <p>Physicians' conflicts of interest when referring Medicare patients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are statutes?

    <p>Laws passed by legislative bodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a subpoena?

    <p>An order of the court requiring a witness to appear to testify.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a subpoena duces tecum require?

    <p>Production of documents required for the court.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006 create?

    <p>The Hospital Outpatient Quality Reporting Program.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the UB-04 flat file used for?

    <p>To bill for institutional services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique bit string?

    <p>Computer code that creates an encrypted electronic signature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is upcoding?

    <p>Illegally assigning a diagnosis code to increase reimbursement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a whistleblower?

    <p>An individual who discloses misuse of public funds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Zone Program Integrity Contractor (ZPIC)?

    <p>A program that reviews billing trends for Medicare services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'abuse' refer to in medical billing?

    <p>Actions inconsistent with accepted, sound medical, business, or fiscal practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is ANSI ASC X12N 837?

    <p>Electronic format supported for health care claim transactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an 'audit'?

    <p>Objective evaluation to determine the accuracy of submitted financial statements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an 'authorization'?

    <p>Document that provides official instruction for the use or disclosure of protected health information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'black box edit'?

    <p>Nonpublished code edits that were discontinued in 2000.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define 'breach of confidentiality'.

    <p>Unauthorized release of patient information to a third party.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'case law' refer to?

    <p>Also called common law; based on a court decision that establishes a precedent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'check digit'?

    <p>One-digit character, alphabetic or numeric, used to verify the validity of a unique identifier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define 'civil law'.

    <p>Area of law not classified as criminal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Clinical Data Abstracting Center (CDAC) do?

    <p>Requests and screens medical records for payment error prevention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the CMS Internet-only manual?

    <p>Includes program issuances and operating instructions for CMS programs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the CMS quarterly provider update?

    <p>Provides information about regulations and major policies related to CMS programs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define 'common law'.

    <p>Also called case law; based on a court decision that establishes a precedent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'compliance program'?

    <p>Internal policies and procedures that an organization follows to meet mandated requirements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Comprehensive Error Rate Testing (CERT) program?

    <p>Assesses and measures improper Medicare fee-for-service payments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Conditions for Coverage (CfC)?

    <p>Health and safety regulations health care organizations must meet to participate in Medicare and Medicaid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Conditions of Participation (CoP)?

    <p>Health and safety regulations health care organizations must meet to participate in programs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define 'confidentiality' in healthcare.

    <p>Restricting patient information access to those with proper authorization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is criminal law?

    <p>Public law governed by statute or ordinance that deals with crimes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Current Dental Terminology (CDT)?

    <p>Medical code set maintained and copyrighted by the American Dental Association.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by decrypt?

    <p>To decode an encoded computer file so that it can be viewed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is deeming in CMS context?

    <p>Recognition of accreditation organization standards that meet or exceed requirements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 create?

    <p>Medicaid Integrity Program (MIP) to combat abuse, fraud, and waste.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a deposition?

    <p>Legal proceeding during which a party answers questions under oath.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'digital' mean in this context?

    <p>Application of a mathematical function to create a computer code.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an Electronic Clinical Quality Measure (eCQM)?

    <p>Tools that help measure and track the quality of healthcare services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an electronic transaction standard?

    <p>A uniform language for electronic data interchange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does encrypt mean?

    <p>To convert information to a secure language format for transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the False Claims Act (FCA)?

    <p>Passed to regulate fraud associated with military contractors during the Civil War.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Federal Claims Collection Act (FCCA) require?

    <p>Medicare administrative contractors to attempt collection of overpayments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Federal Register?

    <p>Legal newspaper published every business day by the National Archives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does First-look Analysis for Hospital Outlier Monitoring (FATHOM) provide?

    <p>Data analysis tool for administrative hospital and state-specific data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define 'fraud' in a healthcare context.

    <p>Intentional deception or misrepresentation that could result in unauthorized payment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Health Care Fraud Prevention and Enforcement Action Team?

    <p>A team that conducts training among investigators and analysts to combat fraud.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Hospital Readmission Reduction Program (HRRP)?

    <p>Requires CMS to reduce payments to hospitals with excess readmissions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Hospital Inpatient Quality Reporting program?

    <p>Program requiring hospitals to submit quality measures data for Medicare beneficiaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Hospital Outpatient Quality Reporting Program (OQR) focus on?

    <p>Pay for quality data reporting program for outpatient hospital services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Hospital Payment Monitoring Program (HPMP) do?

    <p>Measures, monitors, and reduces the incidence of Medicare fee-for-service payment errors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hospital value-based purchasing (VBP) program?

    <p>Measures that promote better clinical outcomes and patient experiences of care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was established by the Improper Payments Information Act of 2002 (IPIA)?

    <p>Payment Error Rate Measurement (PERM) program to measure improper payments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an interrogatory?

    <p>Document containing a list of questions that must be answered in writing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a listserv?

    <p>Subscriber-based question-and-answer forum available through email.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Medicaid integrity contractor (MIC)?

    <p>Entities that review provider claims and identify overpayments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Medicaid Integrity Program (MIP)?

    <p>To combat fraud, waste, and abuse in the Medicaid program.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is medical identity theft?

    <p>Using another person's information to submit false bills in a medical setting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does medical review (MR) mean?

    <p>Review of claims to determine if services provided are reasonable and necessary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Medicare administrative contractor (MAC)?

    <p>Organization that contracts with CMS to process claims for Medicare.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Medicare Drug Integrity Contractors Program?

    <p>Implemented in 2011 to assist with anti-fraud and audit efforts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Medicare Integrity Program (MIP)?

    <p>Program that authorizes CMS to conduct audits and anti-fraud activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Medicare Shared Savings Program?

    <p>Created to improve care quality while reducing unnecessary costs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Merit-based Incentive Payment System (MIPS) do?

    <p>Determines Medicare payment adjustments based on a composite performance score.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a message digest?

    <p>Representation of text as a single string of digits for electronic signatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the National Drug Code (NDC)?

    <p>Identifies prescription drugs and some over-the-counter products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the National Individual Identifier entail?

    <p>Unique identifier to be assigned to patients, currently put on hold.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the National Plan and Provider Enumeration System (NPPES)?

    <p>Developed to assign unique identifiers to healthcare providers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the National Practitioner Data Bank (NPDB) do?

    <p>Improves healthcare quality by identifying and disciplining unprofessional behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the National Provider Identifier (NPI)?

    <p>Unique identifier assigned to healthcare providers as a 10-digit numeric identifier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the National Standard Employer Identification Number (EIN)?

    <p>Unique identifier assigned to employers for health insurance purposes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the National Standard Format (NSF)?

    <p>Flat-file format used to bill provider and noninstitutional services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an overpayment?

    <p>Funds received in excess of amounts due under Medicare and Medicaid statutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Part A/B Medicare administrative contractor refer to?

    <p>Another term for Medicare administrative contractor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act?

    <p>Amends Title IX of the Public Health Service Act for improved patient safety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Payment Error Prevention Program (PEPP) do?

    <p>Required facilities to identify and reduce improper Medicare payments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the payment error rate?

    <p>Number of dollars paid in error out of total dollars for inpatient services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Payment Error Rate Measurement (PERM) program measure?

    <p>Measures improper payments in Medicaid and CHIP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the physician self-referral law pertain to?

    <p>Also known as Stark I.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Physicians at Teaching Hospitals (PATH) initiative?

    <p>Examines billing practices of physicians and compliance with rules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'precedent' mean in a legal context?

    <p>Standard established by previous court decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define 'privacy' in the context of healthcare.

    <p>Right of individuals to keep their information from being disclosed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Medical Billing Key Terms

    • Abuse: Involves actions that contradict accepted medical, business, or fiscal practices, which may lead to unnecessary costs.

    • ANSI ASC X12N 837: A standardized electronic format used for transmitting healthcare claims.

    • Audit: A systematic assessment to validate the accuracy of financial statements submitted for claims.

    • Authorization: A document granting permission for specific uses or disclosures of protected health information (PHI).

    • Black Box Edit: A type of coding edit that was nonpublished and discontinued as of 2000.

    • Breach of Confidentiality: Involves unauthorized access or sharing of patient information with third parties.

    • Case Law: Also known as common law; it is derived from judicial decisions that create legal precedents.

    • Check Digit: An alphanumeric character used to verify the correctness of a unique identifier.

    • Civil Law: A branch of law concerning non-criminal disputes between individuals or organizations.

    • Clinical Data Abstracting Center (CDAC): Responsible for assessing medical records for error prevention and medical necessity reviews.

    • CMS Internet-only Manual (IOM): Contains operational guidelines and policies for CMS programs; also referred to as CMS Online Manual System.

    • CMS Quarterly Provider Update (QPU): Online resource detailing updates on regulations and policies affecting providers.

    • Compliance Program: Organizational policies designed to adhere to legal and regulatory requirements.

    • Comprehensive Error Rate Testing (CERT): Program measuring improper payments in Medicare through claim reviews.

    • Conditions for Coverage (CfC): Regulations that healthcare facilities must comply with to participate in Medicare/Medicaid.

    • Conditions of Participation (CoP): Requirements that hospitals must meet to qualify for Medicare and Medicaid programs.

    • Confidentiality: Ensuring patient information is only accessible to authorized individuals.

    • Criminal Law: Laws dealing with offenses against the state or public and their judicial processes.

    • Current Dental Terminology (CDT): Medical coding system created by the American Dental Association for dental procedures.

    • Decrypt: The process of converting encrypted data back into a readable format.

    • Deeming: Recognition by CMS that certain accreditation standards satisfy CoP and CfC.

    • Deficit Reduction Act of 2005: Established the Medicaid Integrity Program to enhance resources combating fraud in Medicaid.

    • Deposition: A legal procedure where individuals answer questions under oath outside a courtroom.

    • Digital: Refers to encoding electronic documents into a secure format.

    • Electronic Clinical Quality Measure (eCQM): Tools for measuring healthcare service quality based on electronic health records.

    • Electronic Transaction Standard: A uniform standard governing electronic data exchanges in healthcare.

    • Encrypt: The act of converting data into a secure format for safe transmission.

    • False Claims Act (FCA): A law that regulates fraud by allowing private individuals to sue on behalf of the government.

    • Federal Claims Collection Act (FCCA): Requires collection attempts for overpayments by Medicare contractors.

    • Federal Register: Official daily publication that contains government agency rules and proposed changes.

    • First-look Analysis for Hospital Outlier Monitoring (FATHOM): Tool providing data for CMS target area analysis.

    • Fraud: Deliberate misrepresentation leading to unauthorized payment or benefit.

    • Health Care Fraud Prevention and Enforcement Action Team: A collaborative initiative strengthening fraud prevention in healthcare.

    • Hospital Readmission Reduction Program (HRRP): CMS initiative designed to reduce payments to hospitals with excessive readmissions.

    • Hospital Inpatient Quality Reporting Program (IQR): Mandates hospitals report quality measures to enhance care quality for Medicare beneficiaries.

    • Hospital Outpatient Quality Reporting Program (OQR): Pay-for-quality program focused on outpatient hospital services initiated by CMS.

    • Hospital Payment Monitoring Program (HPMP): Monitors and aims to reduce Medicare billing errors among inpatient hospitals.

    • Hospital Value-Based Purchasing (VBP) Program: Offers reimbursement based on the quality of care delivered rather than service amount.

    • Improper Payments Information Act of 2002 (IPIA): Initiated programs to measure and monitor improper payments across Medicaid and Medicare.

    • Interrogatory: A legal document requesting written responses to specific questions.

    • Listserv: An email forum for subscribers to engage in question-and-answer exchanges.

    • Medicaid Integrity Contractor (MIC): Entities contracted by CMS to review claims and educate providers on payment integrity.

    • Medicaid Integrity Program (MIP): Resource enhancement initiative focused on addressing fraud, waste, and abuse in Medicaid.

    • Medical Identity Theft: Fraudulent use of someone else's medical information to bill insurance providers.

    • Medical Review (MR): Assessment of claims to ensure medical services are necessary and reasonable.

    • Medicare Administrative Contractor (MAC): Organizations that process Medicare claims and ensure program integrity.

    • Medicare Drug Integrity Contractors Program (MEDIC): Aiding CMS's anti-fraud efforts in Medicare Part D since 2011.

    • Medicare Integrity Program (MIP): Authorizes CMS to contract entities for auditing and anti-fraud functions.

    • Medicare Shared Savings Program: Promotes care coordination to enhance quality and reduce costs for Medicare beneficiaries through ACOs.

    • Merit-based Incentive Payment System (MIPS): Adjusts Medicare payments based on a clinician's performance rating.

    • Message Digest: A cryptographic representation of data used in electronic signatures.

    • National Drug Code (NDC): Identifying code for prescription and non-prescription drugs monitored by the FDA.

    • National Individual Identifier: A proposed unique identifier for patients, currently on hold.

    • National Plan and Provider Enumeration System (NPPES): Assigns unique identifiers to healthcare providers (NPI).

    • National Practitioner Data Bank (NPDB): Database established to monitor and report on healthcare practitioners' professional conduct.

    • National Provider Identifier (NPI): Unique ten-digit identifier assigned to healthcare providers.

    • National Standard Employer Identification Number (EIN): Unique identifier for employers sponsoring health insurance, assigned by the IRS.

    • National Standard Format (NSF): Flat-file format used for billing noninstitutional services.

    • Overpayment: Funds received beyond what is due under Medicaid or Medicare regulations.

    • Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act: Enhances patient safety through voluntary reporting of adverse events and creation of patient safety organizations.

    • Payment Error Prevention Program (PEPP): Initiative aimed at minimizing improper Medicare payments, succeeded by HPMP.

    • Payment Error Rate: Calculation of the monetary errors within total payments for specific Medicare services.

    • Payment Error Rate Measurement Program (PERM): Assesses improper payments in Medicaid and CHIP.

    • Physician Self-Referral Law (Stark I): Regulations prohibiting physicians from referring patients for services they have financial interests in.

    • Physicians at Teaching Hospitals (PATH): Focus on compliance audits regarding billing practices of teaching hospitals.

    • Precedent: Legal standard established through court decisions.

    • Privacy: The individual's right to control access to their personal information.

    • Privacy Act of 1974: Protects patient information from being disclosed without certain limitations.

    • Privacy Rule: HIPAA standard for protecting individuals' medical records and health information.

    • Privileged Communication: Confidential exchanges between patient and healthcare provider subject to HIPAA regulations.

    • Program for Evaluating Payment Patterns Electronic Report (PEPPER): Tool that provides insight into hospital-specific claims data for identifying issues.

    • Protected Health Information (PHI): Any identifiable information regarding a patient, which is safeguarded under HIPAA.

    • Qui Tam: Legal provision allowing individuals to sue on behalf of the government for fraud against government contracts.

    • Record Retention: The mandated storage duration for documentation to ensure accessibility for audits and verifications.### Recovery Audit Contractor Program

    • Established by the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (MMA).

    • Aims to identify and rectify improper Medicare payments to healthcare providers under fee-for-service Medicare.

    Regulations

    • Guidelines formulated by administrative bodies, such as the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).

    Release of Information (ROI)

    • To release Protected Health Information (PHI), a patient or representative must sign an authorization that is verified for authenticity.
    • The process must be completed within a 60-day timeframe as mandated by HIPAA.
    • Requests can come from various sources, including patients, healthcare providers, and third parties like Social Security Disability attorneys.

    Release of Information Log

    • Document used for tracking patient information released to authorized requesters.
    • Can be maintained manually (e.g., in a binder) or through ROI tracking software.

    Risk Adjustment Model

    • Provides financial support to health plans attracting higher-risk patients.
    • Utilizes actuarial tools to estimate healthcare costs based on enrollees' relative risk.

    Risk Adjustment Program

    • Aims to mitigate risk selection's effect on health plan premiums.
    • Incorporates the risk adjustment model and related risk transfer formula.

    Risk Transfer Formula

    • Mechanism to redistribute funds from health plans with lower-risk enrollees to those with higher-risk patients.
    • Helps safeguard health plans against adverse selection.

    Security

    • Involves safeguarding patient data by restricting access to both physical and electronic records.
    • Protects patient information from alteration or loss and involves employee training on confidentiality.
    • Employees must sign statements outlining confidentiality obligations and consequences for breaches.

    Security Rule

    • Part of HIPAA, it sets standards for safeguarding electronically stored health information.
    • Affects health plans, clearinghouses, and specific healthcare providers.

    Stark I

    • Addresses conflicts of interest in physician referrals for Medicare services.
    • Prohibits self-referrals to clinical lab services where the physician or their family has a financial interest.

    Statutes

    • Also known as statutory law, these are laws enacted by legislative bodies like Congress or state legislatures.

    Subpoena

    • A court-issued order compelling a witness to appear in court to testify.

    Subpoena Duces Tecum

    • A specific type of subpoena requiring the production of documents, such as patient records.

    Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006 (TRHCA)

    • Established the Hospital Outpatient Quality Reporting Program (Hospital OQR), a quality data reporting initiative by CMS for outpatient services.

    UB-04 Flat File

    • A collection of fixed-length records used for billing institutional services rendered in hospitals.

    Unique Bit String

    • A computer-generated code that creates an electronic signature's message digest.
    • It is encrypted and attached to electronic documents like the CMS-1500 claim.

    Upcoding

    • The practice of assigning an inaccurate ICD-10-CM diagnosis code to inflate reimbursement illegally.
    • Example: coding a heart attack when the actual documented condition was angina.

    Whistleblower

    • Refers to individuals reporting misuse of public funds, including Medicare payments.
    • Protections are in place under ARRA legislation against retaliation for whistleblowers reporting gross mismanagement.

    Zone Program Integrity Contractor (ZPIC)

    • Program initiated in 2009 by CMS to examine billing patterns and trends.
    • Focuses on providers with Medicare billings exceeding the community average, replacing the previous Program Safeguard Contracts (PSCs).

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