أسئلة ريتين الـ Mediastinum (قبل التعديل)

The mediastinum is the median part of the thoracic cavity located between the two lungs.

The mediastinum is bounded anteriorly by the sternum, posteriorly by the vertebral column, superiorly by the thoracic inlet, inferiorly by the diaphragm, and laterally by both lungs and pleurae.

The superior mediastinum contains muscles such as sternothyroid and sternohyoid, thymus glands, major veins including the brachiocephalic veins and superior vena cava, and arteries like the aortic arch.

<p>The inferior mediastinum is subdivided into the middle mediastinum, anterior mediastinum, and posterior mediastinum, containing structures like the heart and esophagus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At the sternal angle, the 2nd costal cartilage is located, the pulmonary trunk bifurcates, and the ascending aorta ends.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The posterior mediastinum includes the esophagus, descending aorta, thoracic duct, azygous vein, hemiazygos vein, and sympathetic chain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The thoracic duct passes behind the esophagus, moving from right to left, which is significant for lymphatic drainage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The anterior mediastinum contains the superior and inferior sternopericardial ligaments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The structures in the superior mediastinum mainly support vascular and nervous functions as well as respiratory pathways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The angle of Louis serves as a reference point for identifying adjacent anatomical structures, such as the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk and the borders of the ascending and descending aorta.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sympathetic chain provides autonomic control while the vagus nerves are involved in parasympathetic signaling, coordinating functions of the heart and lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The trachea is positioned anteriorly to the esophagus, with the thoracic duct passing posteriorly from right to left behind them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both the middle and anterior mediastinum house part of the thymus, highlighting its role in immune function and development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At the angle of Louis, the ascending aorta transitions into the arch of the aorta, which then leads into the descending aorta.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The diaphragm allows for the passage of the inferior vena cava and various esophageal structures, facilitating critical functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The posterior mediastinum houses both the esophagus, which aids in digestion, and structures like the vagus nerve that regulate respiratory functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The mediastinum is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity, located between the lungs.

The mediastinum is bordered by the sternum anteriorly, the vertebral column posteriorly, the thoracic inlet superiorly, the diaphragm inferiorly, and the lungs laterally.

The superior mediastinum is above the sternal angle, containing structures like the trachea, esophagus, and major blood vessels.

The middle mediastinum houses the heart, pericardium, and major blood vessels relating to the heart.

The anterior mediastinum contains the thymus gland, lymph nodes, and ligaments attaching to the pericardium.

The posterior mediastinum contains structures like the descending aorta, esophagus, and thoracic duct.

The sternal angle marks the level where the trachea bifurcates, the ascending aorta ends, and the aortic arch begins.

The sternal angle, also known as the angle of Louis, is a prominent landmark that helps identify the levels of different structures in the mediastinum.

The superior mediastinum is the upper part of the mediastinum, located above the level of the sternal angle, a distinct landmark in the chest.

The inferior mediastinum is the lower part of the mediastinum, located below the sternal angle.

The inferior mediastinum is further divided into three smaller regions: anterior, middle, and posterior. This division helps understand where key structures are located.

The middle mediastinum houses important structures like the heart and its surrounding sac (pericardium), and major blood vessels that connect the heart to the lungs.

The posterior mediastinum, situated at the back of the inferior mediastinum, contains essential structures like the descending aorta, esophagus, and thoracic duct, responsible for blood supply, food passage, and lymph drainage respectively.

A key landmark in the chest, the sternal angle marks the point where the trachea branches into two tubes (bronchi), the ascending aorta ends, and the descending aorta begins. It also signals where the superior vena cava pierces the pericardium.