Media Theories Overview Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary argument of the ruling elite perspective on media?

  • Media is driven by public interest and opinion.
  • Media serves to maintain the power of the ruling elite. (correct)
  • Media aims to inform the public about all viewpoints.
  • Media presents a balanced view of society.

Which of the following best describes the concept of moral panic?

  • An increase in positive news coverage of certain populations.
  • A widely held belief that a specific group is to blame for social problems. (correct)
  • A general enthusiasm about societal issues.
  • A steady decline in concerns over societal issues.

What principle does the professional subculture in journalism emphasize?

  • Striving for accuracy and verifying information with multiple sources. (correct)
  • Verification of stories with a strong bias towards sensationalism.
  • Creating narratives that support elite viewpoints.
  • Writing without regard for audience and context.

How does sensationalism in media typically manifest?

<p>By using exaggerated or false information to evoke strong reactions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of normalization in the context of drug use?

<p>It highlights the growing acceptance of certain drug consumption as normal behavior. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the owners of media companies primarily focus on according to the money machine concept?

<p>Creating content that appeals to advertisers and audiences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process inflates fears about certain societal issues according to the moral panic model?

<p>Disproportionality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor that can lead to the acceptance of deviant activities in society?

<p>Increased exposure and familiarity with those activities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes an open drug market?

<p>Selling drugs to anyone without restrictions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a closed drug market?

<p>Sales occur only within a well-defined social group (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does poverty influence drug trade involvement?

<p>It creates a need for individuals to engage in drug trafficking for financial support (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT facilitate drug trade?

<p>Strong and effective local governments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What misconception exists about the drug trade’s financial impact?

<p>People spend significantly more on drugs than on other consumer products (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the nature of drug trafficking organizations?

<p>They consist of numerous smaller organizations rather than a single entity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of the drug trade in economic terms?

<p>It generates income through various related illegal activities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common social mechanism used in drug transactions?

<p>Vouching by acquaintances to ensure trust (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which model argues that drug use does not cause hard drug use but rather multiple factors cause both?

<p>Predisposition model (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect can positive attitudes towards drug use among friends have on a person's behavior?

<p>Increased access to hard drugs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which model suggests that drug addiction causes criminal behavior due to the need for money?

<p>Enslavement model (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the psychopharmacological model imply about drug use and violence?

<p>Psychoactive effects of drugs can lead to violent behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drug trafficking model involves both growing drug-bearing plants and chemical extraction?

<p>Mixed model (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of a 'network' in drug trafficking?

<p>Strong reliance on trust and informal social control (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the correlation criterion indicate in the context of drug use and crime?

<p>Variables may change simultaneously without direct causation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of drug-related violence, what does 'systemic violence' refer to?

<p>Violence resulting from structured drug markets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which model states that crime is amplified by drug use and addiction?

<p>Intensification model (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of avoidance as a conflict resolution method among non-violent drug sellers?

<p>Choosing not to engage with the dispute at all (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the 'unintentional' violence model in drug use?

<p>Violence that occurs due to drug-induced behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the 'pure chemical' drug distribution model?

<p>Producing drugs solely through chemical processes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which model best explains the relationship where many who are addicted to drugs were already engaged in criminal activities?

<p>Predisposition model (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ruling Elite Theory

This theory claims that media intentionally serves the interests of the powerful ruling class, shaping public opinion to maintain their dominance.

Money Machine Theory

This theory argues that media outlets prioritize maximizing profits over ideological stances, reporting on stories that attract the largest audience.

Grassroots Theory

This theory suggests that media coverage reflects the biases and interests of the general public, often amplifying ordinary events to create a sense of importance.

Moral Panic

A widespread fear that a specific group or activity poses a serious threat to society, often fueled by exaggerated or misleading information.

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Concern (Moral Panic Stage)

An event sparks initial worry or concern within the public.

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Hostility (Moral Panic Stage)

Society begins to demonize a particular group, blaming them for the perceived threat.

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Consensus (Moral Panic Stage)

Fear of the targeted group becomes a dominant narrative, shaping public opinion and policy decisions.

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Disproportionality (Moral Panic Stage)

The sources of fear are exaggerated and inflated, creating a distorted perception of the threat.

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What are the different types of retail-level drug markets?

There are four main types of retail-level drug markets: Open, Closed, Semi-open, and Dark-web. Each type has its own methods and characteristics for selling drugs.

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What are the four factors that facilitate the drug trade?

The four main factors that facilitate the drug trade are: Prohibition, Poverty, a Weak or Corrupt Local Government, and Globalization.

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What is the myth of market centralization?

The myth of market centralization assumes that the drug trade is a hierarchical, centralized, and organized system, like a pyramid structure with vertical integration. This is not accurate.

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Why is it a myth that the drug trade is a pure economic liability?

The myth of the drug trade as a pure economic liability ignores the fact that the drug trade also has economic benefits, such as jobs and GDP contributions, despite the negative costs associated with it.

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What is an Open drug market?

An open drug market is where anyone can purchase drugs, such as from a local dealer.

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What is a Closed drug market?

A closed drug market is where drugs are sold within a specific social group, often involving vouching and prior relationships.

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What is a Semi-open drug market?

A semi-open drug market is less open than an open market, but still less exclusive than a closed market. Dealers are more vigilant about who they sell to, typically based on appearance or reputation.

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What is a Dark-web drug market?

A dark-web drug market is a type of drug market that operates online using a TOR browser and provides a means for purchasing drugs that are shipped to the buyer.

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Snowball Effect

The idea that initial drug use, like marijuana, can lead to the increased use of harder drugs due to the increasing exposure to those drugs and the social circles that use them.

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Predisposition Model (Drug Use)

This model argues that people who use hard drugs are already predisposed to substance use, and marijuana use is not the primary cause.

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Sequencing

The idea that marijuana use must occur before the use of harder drugs for a causal relationship to exist.

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Association

The relationship between marijuana use and the increased likelihood of using harder drugs, not necessarily a causal connection.

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Causality

A direct link where one event (marijuana use) is the sole reason for another event (hard drug use).

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Enslavement Model (Drug & Crime)

This model argues that drug addiction compels individuals to commit crimes to support their habits.

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Predisposition Model (Drug & Crime)

This model suggests that individuals who engage in criminal behavior are predisposed to both crime and drug use.

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Intensification Model (Drug & Crime)

This model proposes that drug use intensifies existing criminal behavior, making it more frequent and severe.

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Criminogenic

Something that causes or promotes criminal behavior.

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Psychopharmacological Model (Drugs & Violence)

This model suggests that the psychoactive effects of drugs directly induce violence in individuals.

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Economic Compulsive Model (Drugs & Violence)

This model argues that people turn to violent crime to support their drug habits when they can't obtain money through other means.

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Systemic Violence (Drugs & Violence)

This model attributes violence to the structure and dynamics of the drug trade itself.

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Pure Agri. Model (Drug Trafficking)

This model describes drug trafficking that involves cultivating plants for their drug-producing properties, requiring little processing.

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Pure Chemical Model (Drug Trafficking)

This model describes drug trafficking that involves the production of drugs entirely in laboratories, requiring no agricultural source.

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Study Notes

Ruling Elite Theory

  • Media intentionally serves the interests of the ruling class.
  • Society is socialized to accept this biased presentation.
  • Media distorts truth to benefit the elite, maintaining their power.

Money Machine Theory

  • Media owners prioritize profit over ideology.
  • News coverage is driven by viewership and profit potential.

Grassroots Theory

  • Media responds to public biases.
  • News focuses on stories appealing to the general public, often sensationalizing events.

Professional Subculture Theory

  • News is shaped by journalistic ethics and practices.
  • These involve verification, accuracy, human storytelling, and audience awareness.

Moral Panic

  • Widespread public fear about a social issue.
  • Often, a stereotyped subgroup is blamed.
  • Stages include: concern, hostility, consensus, disproportionality, volatility.

Sensationalism

  • Exaggerated or fabricated information used to evoke strong reactions.

Normalization

  • Increased acceptance and normalcy of certain activities/actions.
  • Cannabis use increasingly seen similarly to other behaviors.

Marijuana and Hard Drug Use

Pharmacological School

  • Marijuana directly causes hard drug use.
  • Focuses on the physiological effects; ignores social factors.

Sociocultural Model

  • Marijuana use influences by surrounding social circles.
  • Positive attitudes toward drug use increase hard drug access.
  • Drug use can become a defining identity.

Predisposition Model

  • Marijuana use isn't the cause of hard drug use.
  • Multiple factors contribute to drug and crime.

Drugs and Crime

Enslavement Model

  • Drug dependence drives individuals to commit crimes.
  • Drug addiction and cost are factors of crime.

Predisposition Model

  • Predisposition toward crime and drugs predates involvement.
  • Not all who use drugs become criminals.
  • Argues this model is opposite of the other.

Intensification Model

  • Drug use intensifies pre-existing criminal behavior.
  • Drug use exacerbates criminal tendencies.

Drugs and Violent Crime

Psychopharmacological Model

  • Psychoactive drug effects cause violence.
  • Drug use is a trigger for acts against others.

Intensification/Economic Compulsive

  • Drug use intensifies crime (overlap with enslavement model).

Systemic Violence Model

  • Drug markets create violence through social factors and weaknesses.
  • Lack of regulation, conflict, and use of drugs/weapons causes violence.

Drug Trafficking Networks

Pure Agricultural Model

  • Drug distribution of substances directly from the source (plants).

Pure Chemical Model

  • Fully lab-processed drug creation and distribution.

Mixed Model

  • Agricultural sourcing with lab processing.

Drug Trafficking Networks (Types)

  • Market: Independent people with business-like operations (no social ties).
  • Network: Interconnected people with social ties for control, trust, and relationships.
  • Wheel: Centralized core manages smaller nodes; controls operations.
  • Chain: Independent nodes with complementing functions, no central group; Organized into cells.

Retail Drug Markets

  • Open: Public drug markets with easy access.
  • Closed: Drugs sold within social groups.
  • Semi-open: More cautious about sellers; screening buyers.
  • Dark web: Online markets for anonymity.

Factors Facilitating Drug Trade

• Prohibition • Poverty • Weak/corrupt government • Globalization

Myths about Drug Trafficking

  • Myth of Market Centralization: Drug trade isn't a single, centralized hierarchy.
  • Size of Drug Trade: Inflated estimates; not larger than many other sectors.
  • Drug Trade as Economic Liability: Negative economic impacts, but also related economic benefits.

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Description

This quiz explores various media theories including Ruling Elite Theory, Money Machine Theory, and Grassroots Theory. Test your understanding of how media influences public perception and the role of journalistic practices. Delve into concepts like moral panic and sensationalism to see their effects on society.

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