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Questions and Answers
Which type of shot involves the camera moving upwards or downwards around a vertical line?
What is a convention in the context of media?
Which term refers to a group of consumers for whom the media message was constructed?
What is the process of the camera following along next to or behind a moving object or person called?
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Who are stakeholders in the context of media?
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What is the primary focus of the study of semiotics?
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Which camera shot is used to capture a constellation group of characters?
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What type of code is used to show what is beneath the surface of what we see, such as objects, body language, and clothing?
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Which camera shot is typically used to show a subject's face and capture the finest nuances of expression?
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What is the purpose of using technical codes in media?
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Which type of code is used to show a large crowd scene or a view of scenery as far as the horizon?
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Which shot is typically used to indicate the location or setting of a scene?
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Which camera shot is from the perspective of a character or one person?
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Which camera angle shows people or objects from below, lower than eye level?
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Which camera movement involves the camera panning (moving horizontally) from left to right or vice versa across the picture?
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Which shot is often used in dialogue scenes, providing a frontal view of the dialogue partner from the perspective of someone standing behind and slightly to the side of the other partner?
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Which camera angle views a subject from the level of a person's eye?
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Study Notes
Media Languages
- Codes are systems of signs that, when combined, create meaning to convey messages to an audience.
- Semiotics is the study of signs, including codes, symbols, and narratives.
Types of Codes
- Symbolic Codes: show what is beneath the surface of what we see, such as objects, setting, body language, clothing, color, and iconic symbols.
- Written Codes: use language style and textual layout, including headlines, captions, speech bubbles, and language style.
- Technical Codes: involve the use of equipment to tell a story, including sound, camera angles, types of shots, lighting, camera techniques, framing, depth of field, and juxtaposition.
Camera Shots
- Extreme Long Shot (Extreme Wide Shot): a large crowd scene or a view of scenery as far as the horizon.
- Long Shot: a view of a situation or setting from a distance.
- Medium Long Shot: shows a group of people in interaction with each other, including part of their surroundings.
- Full Shot: a view of a figure's entire body to show action and/or a constellation group of characters.
- Medium Close Shot: shows a subject down to their chest/waist.
- Close Up Shot: a full-screen shot of a subject's face showing nuances of expression.
- Tilt Shot: camera tilts up or down around a vertical line.
- Tracking Shot: camera follows a moving object or person.
- Zoom: stationary camera approaches a subject by "zooming in" or moves farther away by "zooming out".
Camera Angles
- Aerial Shot (Bird's Eye Shot): an overhead shot and a long or extreme long shot of the ground from the air.
- High-Angle Shot: shows people or objects from above eye level.
- Low-Angle Shot: shows people or objects from below eye level.
- Eye-Level Shot: a straight-on angle, viewing a subject from the level of a person's eye.
Camera Movements
- Pan Shot: camera pans (moves horizontally) from left to right or vice versa across the picture.
Other Concepts
- Conventions: standard or norm that acts as a rule governing behavior, such as generally established and accepted ways of doing something.
- Message: information sent to a receiver from a source.
- Audience: the group of consumers for whom the media message was constructed, as well as anyone else who is exposed to the message.
- Producers: people engaged in the process of creating and putting together media content to make a finished media product.
- Stakeholders: libraries, archives, museums, internet, and other relevant information providers.
- Extreme Close Up Shot: a shot of a hand, eye, mouth, or any object in detail.
- Point of View:
- Establishing Shot: often used at the beginning of a scene to indicate the location or setting, usually a long shot taken from a neutral position.
- Point of View Shot: a scene from the perspective of a character or one person.
- Over-the-Shoulder Shot: often used in dialogue scenes, a frontal view of a dialogue partner from the perspective of someone standing behind and slightly to the side of the other partner.
- Reaction Shot: a short shot of a character's response to an action.
- Insert Shot: a detail shot that quickly gives visual information necessary to understand the meaning of a scene.
- Reverse-Angle Shot: a shot from the opposite perspective.
- Hand-Held Camera Shot: a camera is not mounted on a tripod and is instead held by the cameraperson, resulting in less stable shots.
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Description
Test your knowledge on media languages, codes, conventions, formats, symbols, and narrative structures used to convey messages to audiences. Explore the types of codes, including symbolic codes that reveal underlying meanings and written codes that involve language styles.
