Med Surg-NUR 425 Exam 4 Study Guide
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Questions and Answers

What is a potential cause of hypopituitarism?

  • Increased hormone production
  • Hypersecreting tumor
  • Pituitary adenoma (correct)
  • Thyroid dysfunction

Which hormone's deficiency is associated with decreased blood pressure and increased potassium levels?

  • Luteinizing Hormone
  • Growth Hormone
  • Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
  • Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) (correct)

What condition is characterized by an excess of growth hormone leading to thickening of bones?

  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Cushing's Disease
  • Acromegaly (correct)
  • Hypothyroidism

Which of the following treatments is used for hypopituitarism?

<p>Hydrocortisone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of TSH when functioning normally?

<p>Signal the thyroid to release T3 and T4 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nursing actions is most critical after a thyroidectomy?

<p>Maintaining an oral suction at the bedside (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk factor for developing hyperthyroidism?

<p>Having a family history of autoimmune disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should patients receiving levothyroxine be educated on regarding metabolism?

<p>They are at risk for higher cholesterol levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cue is NOT typically associated with hyperthyroidism?

<p>Fatigue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary medical management goal for a patient with hyperthyroidism?

<p>Management of cardiac function and body temperature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a complication of hyperthyroidism?

<p>Thyroid crisis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of monitoring ionized calcium levels in hypoparathyroidism?

<p>It measures the level of active calcium in the body. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing action is essential when managing a patient with hyperparathyroidism?

<p>Monitor for signs of hypocalcemia. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is most associated with hyperthyroidism?

<p>Tachycardia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial priority in managing thyroid crisis?

<p>Fluid resuscitation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamins are typically recommended for a patient with hypoparathyroidism?

<p>Vitamin D (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a patient with hyperparathyroidism, which of the following conditions might be expected?

<p>Prolonged PR and Short QT intervals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lifestyle modification is important for managing type 2 diabetes?

<p>Engage in regular physical exercise. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines hypoglycemia in a diabetic patient?

<p>Blood glucose level less than 70 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common cue for hyperparathyroidism?

<p>Bone pain/fracture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some common symptoms of myxedema coma associated with untreated hypothyroidism?

<p>Bradycardia and hypotension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medical management option is appropriate for decreasing growth hormone levels in patients with acromegaly?

<p>Octreotide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary nursing action to monitor after a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy?

<p>Monitor for CSF leakage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a risk factor for developing hypothyroidism?

<p>Male sex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended way to take levothyroxine?

<p>In the morning to align with body's metabolism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Hyperthyroidism

A condition where the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone (T3 and T4), leading to an increased metabolic rate.

Hypothyroidism

A condition where the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough thyroid hormone (T3 and T4), leading to a slowed metabolic rate.

Myxedema

A severe form of hypothyroidism, characterized by slowed metabolic rate, fluid accumulation, and low body temperature.

Myxedema Coma

A life-threatening complication of untreated hypothyroidism, caused by lack of thyroid hormone leading to slowed metabolism, decreased body temperature, and potentially fatal complications.

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Levothyroxine (Synthroid)

A medication used to replace thyroid hormone in patients with hypothyroidism, restoring normal thyroid function.

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Hypothyroidism Cues

Signs and symptoms indicating low thyroid hormone levels. These include fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, constipation, and dry skin.

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Hyperthyroidism Risk Factors

Factors increasing the likelihood of hyperthyroidism. These include genetics, family history, stress, and iodine intake.

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Hyperthyroidism Cues

Signs and symptoms indicating excess thyroid hormone. These include rapid heartbeat, weight loss, nervousness, heat intolerance, and bulging eyes.

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Thyroidectomy Post-Op Nursing Actions

Interventions after thyroid surgery to prevent complications. They include monitoring for bleeding, tetany, airway obstruction, and ensuring proper positioning.

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Hyperthyroidism Medical Management

Treatment methods to control hyperthyroidism. These include medication to slow down thyroid production and, if needed, surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland.

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Hypopituitarism

A condition where the anterior pituitary gland doesn't produce enough hormones. This can lead to various problems depending on which hormones are deficient.

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ACTH Deficiency

A lack of ACTH, a hormone that signals the adrenal glands to produce cortisol and aldosterone. This can cause decreased glucose levels, low blood pressure, and increased potassium.

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TSH Deficiency

Insufficient TSH, the hormone responsible for stimulating the thyroid gland to produce T3 and T4. This can lead to a slower metabolism, weight gain, hair loss, and decreased libido.

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GH Deficiency

A deficiency of growth hormone (GH) can result in decreased bone density, muscle weakness, and increased fracture risk.

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Hyperpituitarism

A condition where the anterior pituitary gland produces too much of one or more hormones, leading to various complications.

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Thyroid storm

A life-threatening condition caused by an extreme hyperthyroid state.

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Thyroid storm - Cues

Rapid heartbeat, fever, high blood pressure, confusion, agitation, abdominal pain, tremors, goiter, weight loss, diarrhea, and low blood sugar.

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Thyroid storm - Medical Management

Prioritize airway and fluid resuscitation. Use antithyroid medications, iodine preparations, beta-blockers, and glucocorticoids to control the storm.

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Hypoparathyroidism

A condition where the parathyroid glands don't produce enough parathyroid hormone (PTH), leading to low calcium levels.

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Hypoparathyroidism - Cues/Manifestations

Decreased calcium levels, numbness/tingling around the mouth, hands, and feet, severe muscle cramps, hand and foot spasms (tetany in severe cases).

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Hyperparathyroidism

A condition where the parathyroid glands produce too much parathyroid hormone (PTH), leading to high calcium levels.

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Hyperparathyroidism - Cues/Manifestations

Prolonged PR interval, shortened QT interval, GI issues (anorexia, constipation, abdominal pain), lethargy, confusion, psychosis, muscle weakness, fatigue, bone pain, fractures, kidney stones.

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Type 1 Diabetes

An autoimmune disorder that destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, leading to insufficient insulin production.

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Type 2 Diabetes

A condition where the body either doesn't produce enough insulin or can't use insulin properly, leading to high blood sugar levels.

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Hypoglycemia

A condition where blood sugar levels are lower than 70 mg/dL.

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Study Notes

Med Surg-NUR 425 Exam 4 Study Guide

  • Pituitary Disorders:

    • Hypopituitarism (Anterior Pituitary): Underproduction of hormones.
      • Causes/Risk Factors: Benign tumor (pituitary adenoma), stroke, postpartum hemorrhage, head trauma.
      • Hormone Function (ACTH, GH, TSH): ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone) targets adrenal cortex, stimulating cortisol release. GH (Growth Hormone) affects bone and tissue growth. TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) affects thyroid, regulating T3 and T4.
      • Treatment: Hydrocortisone/Prednisone (ACTH), Synthroid (TSH), Somatropin (GH).
    • Hyperpituitarism (Anterior Pituitary): Hypersecretion of hormones.
      • Causes/Risk Factors: Hypersecreting tumor, genetic association, more common in females.
      • Hormone Cues (ACTH, GH, TSH): Too much ACTH leads to Cushing's disease and increased cortisol. Too much GH leads to Acromegaly.
      • Treatment: Depends on specific hormone excess.

  • Thyroid Disorders:

    • Hypothyroidism: Underactive thyroid.
      • Risk Factors: Hashimoto's autoimmune disease, thyroid surgery, iodine deficiency.
      • Cues: Low metabolic rate, fatigue, weight gain, increased sleep, cold intolerance.
      • Myxedema (Severe form): Decrease in cardiac output, cardiomegaly, pericardial effusion, constipation, decreased pulse.
      • Medical Management: Levothyroxine (Synthroid).
      • Nursing Actions: Monitor vital signs, assess skin, lab values (serum Ca if thyroid/parathyroid removal), daily weights. Monitor for signs of hypocalcemia.
    • Hyperthyroidism: Overactive thyroid.
      • Risk Factors: Graves' disease, tumors, iodine intake.
      • Cues: Tachycardia, GI motility issues, appetite changes, cardiac dysrhythmias, weight loss, heat intolerance, exophthalmos, goiter.
      • Medical management: Ketoconazole, Mitotanecushings(ACTH), Propylthiouracil (PTU), Methimazole - (TSH), radiation therapy, and surgery.
      • Nursing Actions: Monitor VS, I&O, daily weights, skin assessment, assess for potential thyroid storm, interpret labs (e.g., ionized calcium levels).

  • Parathyroid Disorders:

    • Hypoparathyroidism: Underactive parathyroid glands.
      • Risk Factors: Autoimmune disorders, surgery.
      • Cues: Decreased calcium levels, muscle cramps, spasms (hands, feet), tetany.
      • Treatment: Supplemental calcium and Vitamin D. Nursing Actions: Monitor for hypocalcemia, monitor Ca/Mg levels, assess for tetany and muscle spasms.
    • Hyperparathyroidism: Overactive parathyroid glands.
      • Risk Factors: Women are at higher risk, most common cause is tumors.
      • Cues: Prolonged PR intervals, Short QT intervals, anorexia, constipation, abdominal pain, lethargy, confusion, psychosis, muscle weakness, bone pain/fractures, nephrolithiasis.
      • Treatment: IV fluids, furosemide, calcitonin, phosphate medications. Nursing actions: Administer oral phosphate and calcium binders, monitor for signs of hypocalcemia, support airway and fluid resuscitation, educate on diet containing high calcium and low phosphorous.

  • Diabetes

    • Type 1 and Type 2
    • Risk factors: Familial tendencies, autoimmune disorders, environmental factors, high blood pressure, high cholesterol.

  • Cues: Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss/gain, and hyperglycemia(high blood sugar)

    • Nursing Actions: monitor vital signs, monitor blood glucose, urine, assess for complications, educating on self-managing the disease, including nutrition, exercise, and medication.

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Med Surg-NUR 425 Exam 4 Study Guide PDF

Description

This study guide focuses on pituitary disorders, including both hypopituitarism and hyperpituitarism. It covers the causes, hormone functions, and treatments for various conditions related to the anterior pituitary. Ideal for students preparing for the NUR 425 exam.

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