20 Questions
What is the main reason why alcohols up to pentanol are fully soluble in water?
The hydrophilic part of the molecules dominates
Which method of forming alcohols leads to anti-Markovnikov alcohols?
Hydroboration
What type of diol is formed by using OsO4?
Syn-diols
What is the primary alcohol formed from?
Aldehyde reduction
Which reducing agent is not strong enough to reduce alkene groups or benzene rings?
NaBH4
What is the primary reason why even small alcohols are liquids?
Due to their ability to undergo hydrogen bonding
What is the main difference between the oxymercuration and hydroboration methods of hydration?
The stereochemistry of the product, with oxymercuration giving Markovnikov addition and hydroboration giving anti-Markovnikov addition
What is the primary reason why higher alcohols are not highly soluble in water?
Due to the hydrophobic portion of the molecule taking over
What is the product of the reaction between an alkene and OsO4?
A cis diol
What is the main difference between the reducing agents NaBH4 and LiAlH4?
NaBH4 is more selective, while LiAlH4 is more reactive
What is the primary reason for the formation of a mixture of alkenes during dehydration of alcohols?
The alkene products are highly substituted
What is the primary limitation of Grignard reagents in forming alcohols?
They have limitations in terms of the types of aldehydes and ketones they can react with
What is the mechanism of the Grignard reaction with aldehydes and ketones?
Nucleophilic addition
What type of bond is formed during the reaction of a Grignard reagent with an aldehyde or ketone?
C-C bond
What is the electronic structure of a Grignard reagent?
R-Mg-X, where R is an alkyl group and X is a halogen
What is the primary reason for the use of very dry ether in the formation of Grignard reagents?
To prevent the reaction of the Grignard reagent with water
What is the primary difference between the alkenes formed during dehydration of alcohols?
The degree of substitution
What is the primary reason for the formation of a primary alcohol during the reaction of a Grignard reagent with formaldehyde?
The reaction involves a nucleophilic addition mechanism
What is the primary limitation of aldehydes in reacting with Grignard reagents?
They can only react with certain types of Grignard reagents
What is the primary reason for the oxidation of primary alcohols to carboxylic acids?
The formation of an aldehyde intermediate
Learn about the physical properties of alcohols based on molecular structure, methods of preparation, and properties such as volatility, flammability, and solubility. Understand why small alcohols are liquids and not gases. Discover the importance of hydrogen bonding in their solubility.
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