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Questions and Answers
What is one disadvantage of capacitive transducers?
What is one disadvantage of capacitive transducers?
Which application is NOT associated with piezoelectric sensors?
Which application is NOT associated with piezoelectric sensors?
What principle does a capacitive transducer operate on?
What principle does a capacitive transducer operate on?
What is a key limitation of piezoelectric sensors?
What is a key limitation of piezoelectric sensors?
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Which type of sensor requires a light transmitter and a photoelectric receiver?
Which type of sensor requires a light transmitter and a photoelectric receiver?
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What is a key component of the LVDT's structure?
What is a key component of the LVDT's structure?
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Which of the following is an advantage of using an LVDT?
Which of the following is an advantage of using an LVDT?
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What happens in the 'null position' of the LVDT?
What happens in the 'null position' of the LVDT?
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What is a disadvantage of using an LVDT?
What is a disadvantage of using an LVDT?
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Which factor influences the capacitance in a capacitive displacement sensor?
Which factor influences the capacitance in a capacitive displacement sensor?
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Study Notes
Mechatronics Engineering (OFRME200) - Lecture 5
- Course level: 2
- Semester: Fall
- Instructor: Walaa Shoeib
- Faculty: Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University
Chapter 2: Sensors & Transducers
- This chapter covers sensors and transducers used in mechatronics engineering.
Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT)
- An LVDT is a sensor that measures linear displacement.
- It consists of three coils (one primary, two secondaries).
- The coils are wound around a hollow, non-magnetic tube.
- A movable core is positioned inside the tube.
- Displacement of the core changes the voltage output.
- Provides linear output for the displacement.
- Null position: the amount of primary magnetic flux induced into each of the two secondary coils is exactly the same. The output voltage is zero.
- Output is an AC signal.
- Requires a demodulator to provide a DC output.
Advantages of LVDT
- Reduced frictional losses
- Low power consumption
- Direct conversion into electrical signals
- Smooth operation
- High sensitivity
Disadvantages of LVDT
- Needs extra setup (sensitive to stray magnetic fields)
- Large displacement needed for a small output
- Requires a demodulator
Capacitive Sensor
- Measures displacement, pressure, and other physical quantities.
- Passive transducer – requires external power.
- Works on the principle of variable capacitance of overlapping plates; the distance or the dielectric constant between the plates changes its capacitance.
- Used for measuring pressure and humidity in gases.
- Can also measure volume, density, and weight.
Advantages of Capacitive Transducer
- Very sensitive
- Requires low output power
Disadvantages of Capacitive Transducer
- Metallic parts need insulation
- Cables connecting transducers can cause errors
Piezoelectric Sensor
- Certain materials generate voltage when deformed by mechanical stress or force.
- Quartz crystal is a well-known piezoelectric material.
- Applications include vibration monitoring, pressure sensing, force measurement, and structural health monitoring.
Advantages of Piezoelectric Sensor
- Simple construction
- Low cost
- Wide range of pressures and temperatures
Disadvantages of Piezoelectric Sensor
- Output is low
- Primarily used only for dynamic pressure measurement.
Photoelectric Sensor (Photo Eye)
- Measures distance, absence, presence of an object.
- Uses light transmitter, infrared, photoelectric receiver (opposed, retro-reflective, proximity-sensing).
- Requires only one power source.
- Can use remote sensing with fiber optics.
Infrared (IR) Sensor
- Consists of an IR LED (emitter) and an IR photodiode(detector).
- Output voltage changes in proportion to the IR light received.
- Incidence can be direct or indirect.
Encoder Types and Technologies
- Used to measure the movement of mechanical components (rotations/translations).
- Categories of encoders:
- Linear
- Rotary
- Within each category, there are different measurement types like:
- Absolute
- Incremental
- Electromechanical technologies include magnetic, optical, inductive, capacitive, laser
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Description
This quiz covers Chapter 2 of the Mechatronics Engineering course, focusing on sensors and transducers, specifically the Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT). It explores the working principles, components, and advantages of LVDT, which is essential in measuring linear displacement. Test your understanding of these concepts and their applications in mechatronics.
