PG22-24 Mechanisms of Order Maintenance in Society

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Which of the following is NOT a purpose of ideology according to the text?

To justify the superiority of selected social groups
To explain the meaning of life
To provide a complete and unbiased account of reality (correct)
To describe how societies should be organized and governed

What does the term 'dominant ideology' refer to according to the text?

The set of ideas that is most beneficial to the majority of people in a society
The set of ideas that is most true and accurate in a society
The set of ideas that is most widely accepted in a society, usually imposed by a powerful group (correct)
The set of ideas that is most resistant to change in a society

According to Marxists, how do ideologies have a 'controlling or manipulative element'?

By directly attempting to influence the audience by constructing and presenting a version of reality favorable to the ruling class (correct)
By ensuring that the dominant ideology is resistant to change and criticism
By using the media to spread the dominant ideology throughout society
By convincing the audience that the dominant ideology is the only true and accurate representation of reality

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text as a way in which order is maintained in society?

Consensus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest is the relationship between ideologies and the social structure and culture?

Ideologies are used to explain and approve the social structure and culture, justifying particular attitudes and behaviours (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the section according to the text?

To provide an in-depth analysis of the different mechanisms through which order is maintained in society (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does Foucault claim power is exercised in modern societies?

Through technological surveillance like CCTV (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of social control in the past?

Coercive power from rulers and prison systems (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the punishing of criminals reinforce the consensus in functionalist view?

By strengthening the boundaries of the value system (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does a consensus refer to in functionalist theory?

Majority accepting a set of values (D) Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of society allows for stability despite changing opinions?

Changing laws and rules (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does Foucault suggest beliefs influence behavior?

By controlling how people think about the world (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to Althusser (1971), what are the institutions that impose the dominant ideology called?

Ideological state apparatuses (D) Signup and view all the answers

What did Adorno and Horkheimer argue about the culture industry?

It creates popular culture that is consumed passively by the people (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to Marxists, what is 'false class consciousness'?

The belief that the system is fair and one's low position is due to personal failure (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the repressive state apparatus, according to Althusser?

To control the working class by force if they protest (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ideologies, according to the text?

To provide a mental map and structure reality (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to Weber (1922), what is the difference between force and consensual power?

Force involves coercion, while consensual power is based on authority (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between charismatic power and traditional power, according to the text?

Charismatic power is based on trust, while traditional power is based on custom and practice (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ability to remove decision-making from the agenda?

Power (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to Foucault (1983), how is power in modern societies different from power in past societies?

It is opaque and difficult to see (D) Signup and view all the answers

What did Adorno and Horkheimer argue about the culture industry's role in controlling the means of mental production?

It controls how people see and think about the social world (D) Signup and view all the answers