Mechanics Study Notes
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Questions and Answers

What defines acceleration in terms of velocity?

  • It is the speed of an object in a closed system.
  • It is solely dependent on the direction of velocity.
  • It is the change in speed without a change in direction.
  • It is the time rate of change of velocity. (correct)

Which scenario illustrates a decrease in speed due to acceleration?

  • A car traveling east accelerates west. (correct)
  • A car changing direction while maintaining speed.
  • A car traveling east accelerates east.
  • A car traveling north maintains constant speed.

What is centripetal acceleration?

  • Acceleration experienced at constant velocity.
  • Acceleration that changes the magnitude of speed only.
  • Acceleration directed away from the center of the circular path.
  • Acceleration directed toward the center of a circular path. (correct)

How can a car accelerate without changing its speed?

<p>By maintaining speed while changing direction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the coefficient of friction represent?

<p>The relationship between frictional force and normal force. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario is a car moving in a closed system?

<p>A car is influenced only by internal forces without external interference. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when an object accelerates towards the center of a circular path?

<p>The object experiences centripetal force. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a car accelerates at $2.0 ext{ m/s}^2$ east for 4.0 seconds, what will be the increase in speed?

<p>8.0 m/s (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between distance and displacement?

<p>Distance measures the total path traveled, whereas displacement measures the shortest path between two points. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes equilibrium?

<p>An object in equilibrium can either be at rest or moving with a constant velocity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a free-body diagram represent?

<p>All the forces acting on an object at a point in time. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario is an object experiencing free fall?

<p>An object dropped from a height with no other forces acting on it. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is friction defined in physics?

<p>The force that opposes relative motion between two surfaces in contact. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct definition of a gravitational field?

<p>The region around any object with mass that can exert gravitational force on another mass. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about distance is true?

<p>Distance is a scalar quantity that only considers the path length traveled. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What information can be derived from the displacement of an object?

<p>The object's change in position with respect to its initial position. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of centripetal acceleration in circular motion?

<p>Towards the center of the circular path (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does centripetal force depend on?

<p>The speed of the object and the radius of the circular path (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation, which of the following factors does NOT affect the gravitational force between two bodies?

<p>The velocity of the bodies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is weight defined in physics?

<p>The gravitational force acting on an object (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between speed and velocity?

<p>Speed is a scalar quantity while velocity is a vector quantity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Impulse can be graphically determined by which of the following methods?

<p>Finding the area under the force vs. time curve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a closed system, the principle of conservation of momentum states that:

<p>The total momentum before and after interaction remains constant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a position versus time graph showing linear motion, what does a straight horizontal line indicate?

<p>Zero velocity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the period of a simple pendulum?

<p>The length of the string and gravitational field strength (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the slope of a velocity versus time graph represent?

<p>The object's acceleration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a pendulum is displaced from its equilibrium position, which statement is true?

<p>The bob experiences a restoring force towards equilibrium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a projectile is fired horizontally and air resistance is neglected, what remains constant?

<p>The horizontal component of velocity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is acceleration calculated?

<p>a = Δv/t (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an object moving uniformly in a circular path experience?

<p>Constant speed and changing velocity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an object is accelerated uniformly from rest to a speed of 50 meters per second in 5 seconds, what is its average speed during that interval?

<p>25 m/s (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of projectile motion, what happens to the vertical velocity as the object accelerates downward?

<p>It increases due to gravitational acceleration. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the period of a simple pendulum?

<p>T = 2π√(l/g) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the equilibrium position of a pendulum, what is true about the forces acting on the bob?

<p>Both forces cancel each other out, resulting in no net force. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When the pendulum bob is displaced and has an amplitude θ, what happens to the forces acting on it?

<p>The weight resolves into two components, affecting tension. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes static friction from kinetic friction?

<p>Static friction opposes the start of motion, while kinetic acts during motion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the coefficients of kinetic and static friction for the same surfaces?

<p>The coefficient of kinetic friction is less than static friction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When an object is on an inclined surface, how is its weight resolved?

<p>Into two components, parallel and perpendicular to the surface. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the parallel component of an object's weight as the incline angle increases?

<p>It increases, leading to greater acceleration down the incline. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about the tension in the string when the pendulum bob is displaced?

<p>The tension is less than the weight but directed along the string. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the magnitude of the force of friction relate to the normal force on an incline?

<p>It is directly proportional to the normal force. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does impulse represent in physics?

<p>The product of average net force and the time duration of the force. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes a simple pendulum in equilibrium?

<p>The string is perpendicular to the ground. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes a pendulum bob to accelerate towards its equilibrium position when displaced?

<p>The net force acting on the bob is directed tangent to its path. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines fluid friction in this context?

<p>It depends on both surface area and the object's speed through the fluid. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to static friction when an object begins to move?

<p>It transitions to kinetic friction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which formula reflects the relationship between the period of a simple pendulum and its length?

<p>$T = 2π rac{ ext{l}}{g}$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does kinetic friction differ from static friction?

<p>Kinetic friction decreases once an object is in motion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Acceleration

The rate at which velocity changes over time.

Velocity

Speed with direction.

Vector Quantity

A quantity that has both magnitude and direction.

Centripetal Acceleration

Acceleration toward the center of a circular path.

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Constant Speed

Motion where the speed of an object remains unchanged throughout.

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Closed System

A system where no external forces act upon it.

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Coefficient of Friction

Ratio of force of friction and normal force between two surfaces.

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Centripetal Force

Force keeping an object moving in a circular path.

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Distance

Total length of the path traveled by an object.

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Displacement

Change in position from the starting point to the ending point.

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Scalar quantity

Physical quantity with only magnitude (size).

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Equilibrium

State of rest or constant velocity.

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Free fall

Motion solely due to gravity.

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Free-body diagram

Diagram showing all forces acting on an object.

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Friction

Force opposing relative motion between surfaces.

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Speed

Distance traveled per unit of time.

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Linear Motion

Movement along a straight line.

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Projectile Motion (Horizontal)

An object thrown horizontally follows a curved path from gravity.

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Projectile Motion (Angle)

Object is launched at an angle with components of horizontal/vertical velocity.

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Uniform Circular Motion

Motion in a circle at a constant speed.

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Position vs. Time graph

Shows how position changes over time.

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Fluid Friction

Friction experienced by an object moving through a fluid (like air or water).

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Momentum

A measure of an object's mass in motion.

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Impulse

A change in momentum caused by a force applied over time.

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Simple Pendulum

A weight (bob) attached to a fixed point by a string, free to swing.

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Period (Pendulum)

The time it takes for a complete swing of a pendulum.

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Equilibrium (Pendulum)

The resting position of a pendulum when it's not moving.

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Static vs. Kinetic Friction

Static friction prevents movement, while kinetic friction acts on moving objects.

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Period of a Simple Pendulum

The time it takes for a simple pendulum to complete one full swing back and forth.

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Equilibrium Position of a Pendulum

The position where the pendulum bob hangs straight down, with no net force acting on it.

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Net Force on a Pendulum

The force that causes the pendulum to accelerate towards its equilibrium position when it's displaced.

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Static Friction

The force that opposes the start of motion between two surfaces in contact.

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Kinetic Friction

The force of friction between two surfaces when they are in motion.

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Force on an Inclined Surface

The force of gravity acting on an object on an inclined surface can be resolved into two components: one perpendicular to the incline and one parallel to the incline.

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Acceleration on an Inclined Surface

The component of the object's weight parallel to the incline causes the object to accelerate down the incline.

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Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation

Every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.

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Gravitational Field Strength

The force per unit mass experienced by a test mass in a gravitational field.

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Weight

The force of gravity acting on an object's mass.

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Conservation of Momentum

The total momentum of a closed system remains constant.

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Study Notes

Mechanics Study Notes

  • Acceleration and velocity are vector quantities, meaning they have both magnitude and direction.
  • Acceleration can change the magnitude or direction of velocity.
  • If a car is accelerating, its speed may or may not be increasing, depending on whether the change in velocity is in the same direction or not.
  • Acceleration in a circular path is called centripetal acceleration
  • A car traveling in a circle experiences a continuously changing direction of travel, despite a constant speed
  • Kinematics is the mathematical treatment of motion without considering forces.
  • Distance is the total path length; displacement is the change in position.
  • Speed is distance over time; velocity combines the magnitude and direction of the movement.
  • Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity.
  • Average velocity is total displacement over total time.

Kinematics

  • Kinematics describes motion without considering the forces.
  • Distance is a scalar (magnitude only); displacement is a vector (magnitude and direction).
  • Speed is the rate at which distance changes; velocity is the rate at which displacement changes.
  • Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity.
  • Graphs of position vs. time, velocity vs. time, and acceleration vs. time provide different insights into the motion.
  • Constant speed (or velocity) results in a straight line on a position-time graph or a horizontal line on a velocity-time graph.
  • Constant acceleration produces a linear relationship between velocity and time.

Sample Problems

  • Students can determine resultant displacement using vector addition.
  • Speed and velocity are calculated using distance and time.
  • Problems often involve using equations involving constant acceleration for calculating final velocity, distance traveled, and time taken.

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Related Documents

Forces Pages 26-35 PDF

Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of mechanics and kinematics in this quiz. Learn about vector quantities such as acceleration and velocity, the differences between distance and displacement, and the properties of motion. Test your understanding of how these principles apply to real-world scenarios.

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