Mechanics of Materials: Principal Stresses
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Questions and Answers

Why can rocks undergo significant deformation below the transition point?

  • Because the strain rates applied are extremely fast
  • Because the strain rates applied are extremely slow (correct)
  • Because the rocks are extremely cool
  • Because the rocks are extremely hot

What is the characteristic of the upper crust?

  • It is cool
  • It is mainly ductile
  • It is hot
  • It is mainly brittle (correct)

What is the area of maximum curvature in a fold?

  • Limb
  • Hinge (correct)
  • Syncline
  • Anticline

What is the term for fracture or failure surfaces in rock masses?

<p>Joints (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for rocks that contain neither joints nor hair cracks?

<p>Intact Rock (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the classification of discontinuities in rock masses?

<p>Terzaghi's Classification (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a geological map?

<p>To show the aerial extent of different types of bedrock and/or superficial deposits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the angle the plane makes with the horizontal?

<p>Dip (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a layer of sedimentary rock that is distinctly different from overlying and underlying layers?

<p>Beds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the point where the rock is exposed at the surface?

<p>Outcrop (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the subsidence hazard in case (a) due to?

<p>The presence of soluble rock underlying the site (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a break in the geological record, where older rocks are overlain by younger rocks?

<p>Unconformity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fault occurs when there is horizontal compression with slip parallel to the dip of the fault surface?

<p>Reverse fault (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of horizontal layers being subjected to compressive forces?

<p>Folds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a fault with a dip of less than 450?

<p>Thrust fault (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which rocks undergo a transition from brittle behavior to ductile behavior?

<p>Transition under pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fault occurs when there is horizontal shear with slip parallel to the strike of the fault surface?

<p>Strike-slip fault (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a fault?

<p>Any fracture with a significant displacement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of pressure?

<p>Force per unit area (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between stress and pressure?

<p>Stress is pressure per unit area (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit weight of the shale unit in the example problem?

<p>27.5 kN/m3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating the vertical stress?

<p>σv = γa ha + γb hb (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the porosity of the shale at a depth of 600 ft?

<p>33.5 % (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of γdry?

<p>kN/m3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of blasting on the rock?

<p>Spalls may drop off the roof several hours or days after blasting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the index properties of rock that can be determined through visual description?

<p>Color (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a triaxial compression test?

<p>To determine the deformability of rock (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the methods used to determine the mineralogical composition of rock?

<p>Optical microscopy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the mechanical properties of rock that can be determined through a direct tension test?

<p>Tensile strength (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the index properties of rock that can be determined through a permeability test?

<p>Permeability coefficient (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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