Mechanical Waves and Oscillations

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is the term used to describe the periodic change in the magnitude of a physical parameter?

oscillation

In which living systems can periodic oscillations be observed?

heart work, circadian rhythms in living organisms, functioning of the central nervous system, and periodontal secretion of hormones

What is an example of a mechanical oscillation?

heart work

What is the term used to describe the internal biological processes that occur in living organisms over a 24-hour cycle?

circadian rhythms Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the secretion of hormones by glands in the mouth?

periodontal secretion of hormones Signup and view all the answers

Who is the author of the text that discusses periodical oscillations and mechanical waves?

Prof. Tamar Sanikidze Signup and view all the answers

What are the three basic mechanisms that regulate the periodism of a living organism?

Central nervous system, light-sensitive structures, and biochemical, physiological, and behavioral rhythms of the individual organism. Signup and view all the answers

At what levels is the periodontal regulation of a living organism carried out?

Genome, molecular, subcellular, cellular, tissue, systemic, and whole organism. Signup and view all the answers

What is the mathematical equation that describes the harmonic oscillation of an object?

X = A0 sin (ω0 t + φ) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an oscillation whose change in magnitude is described by a sine or cosine function?

Harmonic oscillation Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the period of a mechanical oscillation?

T = 2π √(l/g) or T = 2π √(m/k) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the acceleration of an object and the force applied to it, according to the equation of harmonic oscillation?

ma = F; ma = mgsinα; a = gsinα Signup and view all the answers

What is the physical interpretation of the phase angle φ in the sinusoidal oscillation equation X = A sin (ω0 t +φ)?

The difference of faces Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the potential and kinetic energies of an oscillating system in equilibrium conditions?

Kinetic energy is maximum, while potential energy is equal to zero Signup and view all the answers

How does the amplitude of a damped oscillation change with time?

A(t) = A e^(-β t) Signup and view all the answers

What is the logarithmic decrement λ of a damped oscillation?

λ = ln(A(t)/A(t+T)) = βT Signup and view all the answers

What type of oscillation occurs when a periodically variable force is applied to a system?

Forced oscillation Signup and view all the answers

How does the amplitude of a forced oscillation depend on the frequency of the periodic force?

A0(t) depends on the frequency ω of the periodic force Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the acoustic impedance of a medium and its elastic factor?

The acoustic impedance of a medium depends on its elastic factor (Young's modulus) and density. Signup and view all the answers

How does the velocity of a sound wave relate to its frequency and wavelength?

The velocity of a sound wave is independent of its frequency and wavelength, and depends only on the properties of the medium it is propagating through. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Doppler effect in sound waves?

The Doppler effect is a change in frequency of a sound wave that occurs when the source of the wave and the observer are moving relative to each other. Signup and view all the answers

How does the intensity of a sound wave relate to its pressure and velocity?

The intensity of a sound wave is proportional to the square of its pressure and velocity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the mechanical energy of a sound wave and its amplitude?

The mechanical energy of a sound wave is proportional to the square of its amplitude. Signup and view all the answers

How does the density of a medium affect the propagation of a sound wave?

The density of a medium affects the velocity of a sound wave, with higher densities resulting in slower velocities. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where an object oscillates at its own frequency, and what is the characteristic of these oscillations?

The term is resonance, and the characteristic is that they are non-damping oscillations. Signup and view all the answers

What is the distance traveled by a mechanical wave during one period, and how is it related to the wave speed and frequency?

The distance is called the wavelength (λ), and it is equal to the product of the wave speed (V) and the period (T), or λ = VT. Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition for two waves to be coherent, and what is the result of their simultaneous propagation in the environment?

The condition is that there is a constant phase difference between them, or they have identical phases; and the result is interference, generating a new wave. Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of a wave bypassing an obstacle, and what is the term used to describe this phenomenon?

The process is diffraction, and it is the ability of a wave to bend around an obstacle. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the wavelength, wave speed, and frequency of a mechanical wave?

The relationship is λ = V/ν, where λ is the wavelength, V is the wave speed, and ν is the frequency. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the spreading of oscillatory motion in a flexible medium, and what is the result of this process?

The term is mechanical wave, and the result is the propagation of the wave through the medium. Signup and view all the answers