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Questions and Answers
What is the most accurate definition of a material's mechanical property?
What is the most accurate definition of a material's mechanical property?
- The measure of a material's thermal expansion when heated.
- The measure of a material's density at room temperature.
- The measure of a material's ability to carry or resist mechanical forces. (correct)
- The measure of a material's ability to conduct electricity.
A structural engineer needs to select a material for a bridge support that must withstand high loads without breaking. Which mechanical property is MOST critical for this application?
A structural engineer needs to select a material for a bridge support that must withstand high loads without breaking. Which mechanical property is MOST critical for this application?
- Elasticity
- Ductility
- Strength (correct)
- Stiffness
When is a ductile material preferred over a brittle material?
When is a ductile material preferred over a brittle material?
- When high compressive strength is required.
- When minimal deformation is required.
- In high-temperature environments.
- For applications involving repeated loads. (correct)
A blacksmith needs a metal that can be hammered into thin sheets without fracturing. Which property is MOST desirable for this application?
A blacksmith needs a metal that can be hammered into thin sheets without fracturing. Which property is MOST desirable for this application?
Which material property describes the energy a material can absorb while being deformed elastically, and then release when the load is removed?
Which material property describes the energy a material can absorb while being deformed elastically, and then release when the load is removed?
A car bumper is designed to absorb impact during a collision. Which material property is MOST important for this application?
A car bumper is designed to absorb impact during a collision. Which material property is MOST important for this application?
A spring in a mechanical watch needs to return to its original shape after being compressed. Which property is MOST critical for the spring's function?
A spring in a mechanical watch needs to return to its original shape after being compressed. Which property is MOST critical for the spring's function?
A metal bar is subjected to a load, and it deforms permanently. Which property describes this behavior?
A metal bar is subjected to a load, and it deforms permanently. Which property describes this behavior?
Flashcards
Mechanical Property
Mechanical Property
A measure of a material’s ability to resist forces or stresses.
Strength
Strength
The ability of a material to withstand an applied force without breaking.
Stiffness
Stiffness
Resistance of a material to deformation under an applied force.
Ductility
Ductility
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Brittleness
Brittleness
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Malleability
Malleability
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Elasticity
Elasticity
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Toughness
Toughness
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Study Notes
Mechanical Properties of Materials
- Mechanical properties describe a material's ability to resist or carry mechanical forces (loads or stresses)
- These properties are determined through standard laboratory tests on prepared specimens
- Key mechanical properties include:
- Strength: A material's ability to withstand an applied force without breaking
- Types of forces include compression, tension, shear, torsion, and bending
- Stiffness: A material's resistance to deformation when a force is applied; it measures how much a material deforms (stretches, compresses, bends) in response to force
- Ductility: The degree of plastic deformation a material sustains before fracturing
- Ductile materials perform better under repeated loads
- Brittleness: The tendency of a material to fracture without significant deformation
- Malleability: The ability to be severely deformed plastically under compression without fracturing
- Elasticity: The ability of a material to strain under load and return to its original shape when the load is removed
- Plasticity: The ability of a material to strain under load and not return to its original shape when the load is removed
- Resilience: The capacity to absorb energy during elastic deformation and recover that energy upon unloading
- Toughness: The capacity to withstand shock loads without breaking; the ability to absorb energy during plastic deformation up to rupture
- Hardness: The resistance of a material to permanent deformation (indentation) under static or dynamic loading
- Measured using scales like the Mohs Hardness Scale
- Machinability: The ease with which a material can be cut
- Creep: A slow process of plastic deformation under a constant load below the material's yield point
- Fatigue: Progressive, localized structural damage due to repeated or fluctuating loads, even if those loads are below the material's ultimate strength
- Strength: A material's ability to withstand an applied force without breaking
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