Mechanical Properties and Behavior of Materials
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Questions and Answers

What is the ratio of lateral strain to axial strain within the elastic range called?

  • Ductility ratio
  • Poisson's ratio (correct)
  • Malleability ratio
  • Resilience ratio

Which property refers to the resistance of a material to permanent deformation?

  • Resilience (correct)
  • Malleability
  • Brittleness
  • Ductility

What is the measure of the amount of energy necessary to cause fracture called?

  • Malleability
  • Impact strength
  • Toughness (correct)
  • Creep

Which test is used to determine the impact strength of a material?

<p>Impact test (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes tiny cracks to be generated within a material's structure with repeated application of small stress?

<p>Fatigue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are mechanical properties?

<p>Physical properties describing the behavior of materials under load (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average biting force of a person with natural teeth?

<p>77 kg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is stress in relation to an external applied force?

<p>Equal in intensity and opposite in direction to the applied force (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit for measuring force?

<p>Kilogram (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do mechanical properties of a solid depend on?

<p>Nature and strength of its atomic binding forces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for stress?

<p>Stress = (force / area) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stress occurs when a load tends to cause elongation or stretching in a body?

<p>Tensile stress (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the modulus of elasticity?

<p>A measure of rigidity or stiffness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proportional limit?

<p>The greatest stress that a material can sustain without deviation from the proportionality of stress to strain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Poisson's Ratio?

<p>The reduction in cross section as a material elongates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hardness test involves the use of an indenter in the shape of a ball, pyramid, or cone?

<p>Brinell hardness test (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hardness test is suitable for measuring the hardness of small areas and very hard materials, such as gold castings and tooth structure?

<p>Vickers hardness test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hardness test was developed to fulfill the need for a microindentation test and can test the hardness of elastic materials without fracture?

<p>Knoop hardness test (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of dental restoration may creep and lose its marginal adaptation under occlusal stress?

<p>Dental amalgam (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the resistance of a material to scratching, indentation, or penetration called?

<p>Hardness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the measure of the amount of energy necessary to cause fracture called?

<p>Fracture toughness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of test is used to determine the impact strength of a material?

<p>Impact test (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of lateral strain to axial strain within the elastic range called?

<p>Poisson's ratio (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property refers to the resistance of a material to permanent deformation?

<p>Ductility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes tiny cracks to be generated within a material's structure with repeated application of small stress?

<p>Fatigue strength (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the force per unit area?

<p>Stress (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the internal resisting force that resists elongation or stretching in a body?

<p>Tensile stress (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the maximum stress that a material can sustain without deviation from the proportionality of stress to strain?

<p>Yield strength (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the measure of the total amount of elastic strain in a material?

<p>Flexibility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the constant relation between stress and strain?

<p>Modulus of elasticity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hardness test involves the use of an indenter in the shape of a blunt-point that tapers to a cylinder?

<p>Shore hardness test (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which hardness test is a hardened steel ball of special diameter pressed into a polished surface of a material under a specific load?

<p>Brinell hardness test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hardness tester uses a diamond square-based pyramid cone for measuring the hardness of small areas and very hard materials such as gold castings and tooth structure?

<p>Vickers hardness test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of dental restoration may lose its marginal adaptation due to creep under occlusal stress?

<p>Amalgam fillings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of creep involves a transient or primary creep that tends to have a large effect?

<p>Transient or primary creep (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average biting force of a person with natural teeth on the posterior part of the mouth?

<p>Approximately 1925 kg/cm2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit for measuring force?

<p>Newton (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Poisson's Ratio?

<p>The ratio of lateral strain to axial strain within the elastic range (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stress occurs when a load tends to cause elongation or stretching in a body?

<p>Tensile stress (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proportional limit?

<p>The point beyond which the material will not return to its original shape when the load is released (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical reaction by which polymers are formed from monomers called?

<p>Polymerization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of polymers are produced in the laboratory by chemical reactions?

<p>Synthetic Polymers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are proteins, polyamides, and polyisoprenes examples of?

<p>Natural Polymers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the smallest repeating unit in a polymer called?

<p>Monomer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of polymers can be produced for medical use, such as dialysis and oxygenator membranes?

<p>Synthetic Polymers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Agar, cellulose, and DNA are examples of which type of polymers?

<p>Natural Polymers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of polymers based on the spatial polymerization reaction called?

<p>Spatial Polymerization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of polymers based on thermal polymerization reaction called?

<p>Thermal Spatial (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of polymer can be reshaped by heat and maintains its shape after cooling, with polymer chains bonded by secondary bonds?

<p>Thermoplastic polymer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of polymer forms a network with cross-links and cannot be remelted or reformed into another shape?

<p>Thermosetting polymer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of polymer chain shows higher strength, hardness, and less water sorption compared to linear polymers?

<p>Branched polymer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of polymerization does the reaction occur between two molecules to form a larger molecule without the elimination of a smaller molecule?

<p>Addition polymerization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the substance most commonly used to generate free radicals before the initiation stage of addition polymerization?

<p>Benzoyl peroxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of addition polymerization involves the chain reaction continuing with the evolution of heat until all the monomer has been changed to a polymer?

<p>Propagation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor is associated with polymerization and results in a strong exothermic reaction due to breaking of bonds?

<p>Evolution of heat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to an impurity in the monomer that can react with free radicals and inhibit or retard the polymerization reaction?

<p>Inhibitor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What property is characterized by increased strength, hardness, brittleness, and stiffness in longer chains and higher molecular weight polymers?

<p>Degree of polymerization property (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor affects the properties of polymers by influencing the number of branches and the cross-links between polymer chains?

<p>Degree of polymerization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the internal resisting force that resists elongation or stretching in a body?

<p>Modulus of elasticity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of polymer forms a network with cross-links and cannot be remelted or reformed into another shape?

<p>Thermosetting polymer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to an impurity in the monomer that can react with free radicals and inhibit or retard the polymerization reaction?

<p>Inhibitor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor affects the properties of polymers by influencing the number of branches and the cross-links between polymer chains?

<p>Molecular weight (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of polymers based on thermal polymerization reaction called?

<p>Thermosetting polymers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of polymerization does the reaction occur between two molecules to form a larger molecule without the elimination of a smaller molecule?

<p>Condensation polymerization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the resistance of a material to scratching, indentation, or penetration called?

<p>Hardness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the measure of the amount of energy necessary to cause fracture called?

<p>Fracture toughness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the maximum stress that a material can sustain without deviation from the proportionality of stress to strain?

<p>Proportional limit (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of lateral strain to axial strain within the elastic range called?

<p>Poisson's Ratio (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of polymers based on the spatial polymerization reaction called?

<p>Thermosetting polymers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the internal resisting force that resists elongation or stretching in a body?

<p>Proportional Limit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of polymer chain shows higher strength, hardness, and less water sorption compared to linear polymers?

<p>Branched polymers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the constant relation between stress and strain?

<p>Elastic Modulus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the measure of the total amount of elastic strain in a material?

<p>Resilience (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of test is suitable for measuring the hardness of small areas and very hard materials, such as gold castings and tooth structure?

<p>Knoop Hardness Test (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an impurity in the monomer that can react with free radicals and inhibit or retard the polymerization reaction?

<p>Polymerization Inhibitor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the measure of the amount of energy necessary to cause fracture called?

<p>Toughness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of polymers based on thermal polymerization reaction called?

<p>Addition polymerization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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