Mechanical Properties and Behavior of Materials
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Questions and Answers

What is the ratio of lateral strain to axial strain within the elastic range called?

  • Ductility ratio
  • Poisson's ratio (correct)
  • Malleability ratio
  • Resilience ratio

    • Which property refers to the resistance of a material to permanent deformation?

  • Resilience (correct)
  • Malleability
  • Brittleness
  • Ductility

    • What is the measure of the amount of energy necessary to cause fracture called?

  • Malleability
  • Impact strength
  • Toughness (correct)
  • Creep

    • Which test is used to determine the impact strength of a material?

    <p>Impact test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes tiny cracks to be generated within a material's structure with repeated application of small stress?

    <p>Fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are mechanical properties?

    <p>Physical properties describing the behavior of materials under load</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average biting force of a person with natural teeth?

    <p>77 kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is stress in relation to an external applied force?

    <p>Equal in intensity and opposite in direction to the applied force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit for measuring force?

    <p>Kilogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do mechanical properties of a solid depend on?

    <p>Nature and strength of its atomic binding forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for stress?

    <p>Stress = (force / area)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stress occurs when a load tends to cause elongation or stretching in a body?

    <p>Tensile stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the modulus of elasticity?

    <p>A measure of rigidity or stiffness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proportional limit?

    <p>The greatest stress that a material can sustain without deviation from the proportionality of stress to strain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Poisson's Ratio?

    <p>The reduction in cross section as a material elongates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hardness test involves the use of an indenter in the shape of a ball, pyramid, or cone?

    <p>Brinell hardness test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hardness test is suitable for measuring the hardness of small areas and very hard materials, such as gold castings and tooth structure?

    <p>Vickers hardness test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hardness test was developed to fulfill the need for a microindentation test and can test the hardness of elastic materials without fracture?

    <p>Knoop hardness test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dental restoration may creep and lose its marginal adaptation under occlusal stress?

    <p>Dental amalgam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resistance of a material to scratching, indentation, or penetration called?

    <p>Hardness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measure of the amount of energy necessary to cause fracture called?

    <p>Fracture toughness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of test is used to determine the impact strength of a material?

    <p>Impact test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of lateral strain to axial strain within the elastic range called?

    <p>Poisson's ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property refers to the resistance of a material to permanent deformation?

    <p>Ductility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes tiny cracks to be generated within a material's structure with repeated application of small stress?

    <p>Fatigue strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the force per unit area?

    <p>Stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the internal resisting force that resists elongation or stretching in a body?

    <p>Tensile stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the maximum stress that a material can sustain without deviation from the proportionality of stress to strain?

    <p>Yield strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measure of the total amount of elastic strain in a material?

    <p>Flexibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the constant relation between stress and strain?

    <p>Modulus of elasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hardness test involves the use of an indenter in the shape of a blunt-point that tapers to a cylinder?

    <p>Shore hardness test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which hardness test is a hardened steel ball of special diameter pressed into a polished surface of a material under a specific load?

    <p>Brinell hardness test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hardness tester uses a diamond square-based pyramid cone for measuring the hardness of small areas and very hard materials such as gold castings and tooth structure?

    <p>Vickers hardness test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dental restoration may lose its marginal adaptation due to creep under occlusal stress?

    <p>Amalgam fillings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of creep involves a transient or primary creep that tends to have a large effect?

    <p>Transient or primary creep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average biting force of a person with natural teeth on the posterior part of the mouth?

    <p>Approximately 1925 kg/cm2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit for measuring force?

    <p>Newton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Poisson's Ratio?

    <p>The ratio of lateral strain to axial strain within the elastic range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stress occurs when a load tends to cause elongation or stretching in a body?

    <p>Tensile stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proportional limit?

    <p>The point beyond which the material will not return to its original shape when the load is released</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical reaction by which polymers are formed from monomers called?

    <p>Polymerization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of polymers are produced in the laboratory by chemical reactions?

    <p>Synthetic Polymers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are proteins, polyamides, and polyisoprenes examples of?

    <p>Natural Polymers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the smallest repeating unit in a polymer called?

    <p>Monomer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of polymers can be produced for medical use, such as dialysis and oxygenator membranes?

    <p>Synthetic Polymers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Agar, cellulose, and DNA are examples of which type of polymers?

    <p>Natural Polymers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of polymers based on the spatial polymerization reaction called?

    <p>Spatial Polymerization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of polymers based on thermal polymerization reaction called?

    <p>Thermal Spatial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of polymer can be reshaped by heat and maintains its shape after cooling, with polymer chains bonded by secondary bonds?

    <p>Thermoplastic polymer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of polymer forms a network with cross-links and cannot be remelted or reformed into another shape?

    <p>Thermosetting polymer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of polymer chain shows higher strength, hardness, and less water sorption compared to linear polymers?

    <p>Branched polymer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of polymerization does the reaction occur between two molecules to form a larger molecule without the elimination of a smaller molecule?

    <p>Addition polymerization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the substance most commonly used to generate free radicals before the initiation stage of addition polymerization?

    <p>Benzoyl peroxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of addition polymerization involves the chain reaction continuing with the evolution of heat until all the monomer has been changed to a polymer?

    <p>Propagation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is associated with polymerization and results in a strong exothermic reaction due to breaking of bonds?

    <p>Evolution of heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to an impurity in the monomer that can react with free radicals and inhibit or retard the polymerization reaction?

    <p>Inhibitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property is characterized by increased strength, hardness, brittleness, and stiffness in longer chains and higher molecular weight polymers?

    <p>Degree of polymerization property</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor affects the properties of polymers by influencing the number of branches and the cross-links between polymer chains?

    <p>Degree of polymerization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the internal resisting force that resists elongation or stretching in a body?

    <p>Modulus of elasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of polymer forms a network with cross-links and cannot be remelted or reformed into another shape?

    <p>Thermosetting polymer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to an impurity in the monomer that can react with free radicals and inhibit or retard the polymerization reaction?

    <p>Inhibitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor affects the properties of polymers by influencing the number of branches and the cross-links between polymer chains?

    <p>Molecular weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of polymers based on thermal polymerization reaction called?

    <p>Thermosetting polymers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of polymerization does the reaction occur between two molecules to form a larger molecule without the elimination of a smaller molecule?

    <p>Condensation polymerization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resistance of a material to scratching, indentation, or penetration called?

    <p>Hardness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measure of the amount of energy necessary to cause fracture called?

    <p>Fracture toughness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the maximum stress that a material can sustain without deviation from the proportionality of stress to strain?

    <p>Proportional limit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of lateral strain to axial strain within the elastic range called?

    <p>Poisson's Ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of polymers based on the spatial polymerization reaction called?

    <p>Thermosetting polymers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the internal resisting force that resists elongation or stretching in a body?

    <p>Proportional Limit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of polymer chain shows higher strength, hardness, and less water sorption compared to linear polymers?

    <p>Branched polymers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the constant relation between stress and strain?

    <p>Elastic Modulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measure of the total amount of elastic strain in a material?

    <p>Resilience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of test is suitable for measuring the hardness of small areas and very hard materials, such as gold castings and tooth structure?

    <p>Knoop Hardness Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an impurity in the monomer that can react with free radicals and inhibit or retard the polymerization reaction?

    <p>Polymerization Inhibitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measure of the amount of energy necessary to cause fracture called?

    <p>Toughness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of polymers based on thermal polymerization reaction called?

    <p>Addition polymerization</p> Signup and view all the answers

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