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Questions and Answers
What is the definition of force in the context of mechanics?
What is the definition of force in the context of mechanics?
How does gravity affect forces in exercise therapy?
How does gravity affect forces in exercise therapy?
What does the line of gravity indicate in biomechanics?
What does the line of gravity indicate in biomechanics?
Which type of movement is NOT generally classified under mechanics of movement?
Which type of movement is NOT generally classified under mechanics of movement?
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What is the difference between speed and velocity?
What is the difference between speed and velocity?
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What role do levers play in the context of human mechanics?
What role do levers play in the context of human mechanics?
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Which of the following accurately describes energy in the context of mechanics?
Which of the following accurately describes energy in the context of mechanics?
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What effect does friction have on movement in mechanical systems?
What effect does friction have on movement in mechanical systems?
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Which statement best describes the relationship between the center of gravity and stability?
Which statement best describes the relationship between the center of gravity and stability?
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What accurately characterizes the impact of compounding forces on a point?
What accurately characterizes the impact of compounding forces on a point?
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What distinguishes velocity from speed in the context of physical movement?
What distinguishes velocity from speed in the context of physical movement?
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Which condition enhances the effectiveness of simple machines in the human body?
Which condition enhances the effectiveness of simple machines in the human body?
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Which movement type is characterized by an angle decreasing in a joint?
Which movement type is characterized by an angle decreasing in a joint?
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Which statement is true regarding friction in mechanical systems?
Which statement is true regarding friction in mechanical systems?
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What mechanical principle describes the ability of a lever to change direction of force?
What mechanical principle describes the ability of a lever to change direction of force?
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In the context of exercise therapy, what role do unbalanced forces play?
In the context of exercise therapy, what role do unbalanced forces play?
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How does the concept of work relate to the forces applied during movement?
How does the concept of work relate to the forces applied during movement?
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Study Notes
Mechanical Principles
- Mechanical principles utilized in Exercise Therapy are defined to ensure that they are understood and applied correctly.
Force
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Force is a vector quantity.
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Motion of a Rigid Body.
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A force in its nature alters the state of rest of a body or its uniform motion in a straight line.
- The application of a force may be specified by:
- The direction of the force, this is represented by the direction of the arrow.
- The magnitude of the force, this may be represented by the length of the arrow drawn to the force.
- The tail of the arrow draws to represent a force.
- A point of application of the force.
- The application of a force may be specified by:
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A single force applied to a body, which is free to move, can be equivalent to the application of two or more forces acting in the same direction and at a common point.
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Two forces acting in the same direction and at a common point are equivalent to a single force acting in that direction, whose magnitude is equal to the sum of the magnitudes of the individual forces.
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Two equal forces acting in opposite directions result in a state of equilibrium.
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Two forces that are equal and opposite and are acting in different directions will result in no movement in the direction of the greater force.
The Principles of Exercise Therapy
- The magnitude of the force of the two forces being equal to the difference between the magnitudes of the two unequal forces, applied in order.
- Sometimes forces oppose to each other in a particular direction and of generally increasing or equal forces, and also forces in the direction of increasing equal forces.
- If these forces are applied by two lines and act at a tangent, they may be represented by the lines AB and AC.
Tension
- Tension is defined as a system of forces tending to separate parts of a body combined with equal and opposite forces which hold the body together. It is measured as a Newton.
- In the body, the muscles and tendons are used dynamically, in a system of forces tending to generate contraction.
Gravity
- Gravity is the force by which all bodies are attracted to the earth.
- The gravitational attraction of the earth for every other body is directed towards the center of the earth.
- If a body is supported when at a point, the opposite to gravity can be established.
- For example, consider moving a chair from one place to another; this is an illustration of gravitational forces.
- A form of gravity that act; forces are to oppose or counteract a force.
- From the standing position the body can be raised from the ground by the contraction of the muscles.
- The effect or resistance of gravity is equal to a gravitational force, in particular, to the thrust of the muscles on the long axis.
- The whole body is held upright and in equilibrium by the muscles.
- The forces of gravity may occur if the result of gravity on particular posture or position of joints, muscles, or the position of the centre of gravity and the line of gravity can be studied.
The Centre of Gravity
- The centre of Gravity is a point of the body within all the planes of the body.
- The centre of gravity of a rigid body when supported only at a point.
- The centre of gravity of a body is a point within the object where the total weight of the object acts.
- This point is determined by the distribution of mass in the body. This is commonly used in exercise therapy to study the posture and balance of the body.
- The location of the centre of gravity will vary with each posture.
- The line of gravity is a vertical line through the centre of gravity.
- The line of gravity is important to posture and posture and balance in the human body.
The Line Of Posture
- The line of gravity is a vertical line through the centre of gravity when a body is in an erect posture maintaining balance.
- The line of gravity moves in the frontal plane and longitudinal plane in various positions and posture.
- The relationship between the centre of gravity during exercise can be studied, therefore.
- The relationship in the anatomical structure is studied in different exercises, like the vertical exercises.
- average position of the body in the front of the mid-frontal plane.
- The relation between the postures studied in the different exercises.
- The lines which passes through the centre of gravity in different postures in the human body.
- It is important to study how the centre of gravity changes with different exercises.
Mechanics of Movement
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An axis and a line about which movement takes place and a plane of motion or direction.
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Movement about its longitudinal axis to right angles to the sagittal axis.
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Movement about horizontal axis and at right angles to the transverse and horizontal axis respectively.
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Movement about transverse axis in a plane which is parallel to the line of gravity.
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Movement in sagittal, transverse, and frontal planes.
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Movement about an axis that is perpendicualr to the sagittal plane.
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Movement in the longitudinal planes and transverse planes.
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The movements about the axis can be taken except of the sagittal and frontal plane, thus movement in one plane.
Movement in Various Planes
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Movement in the Sagittal plane.
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Movement in the Frontal plane.
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Movement in the Transverse plane.
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The movements in various planes can be described and studied in exercise therapy.
Speed
- Speed is usually the car which has a same distance and takes no account of the direction; if it travels the same distance in different seconds, it may move at a speed in different degrees in different seconds, but the average speed is taken up in time and its speed is variable.
Velocity
- Velocity is a vector quantity comprising both speed and direction,
- A change in direction only affects the velocity even if speed remains the same.
- The direction of velocity changes at every instant or moment.
Work
- Work is defined as the product of force and the distance through which the force acts. It is commonly measured in Joules or calories.
Energy
- Energy is the capacity for doing work by virtue of position and a body's capacity for doing work due to velocity is called Kinetic energy and Potential energy respectively.
- Energy conservation principle.
Power
- Power is measured in terms of the rate of doing work or expending energy per unit of time.
Acceleration
- Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity, or the rate at which velocity changes in a given direction.
- A positive acceleration means that the velocity of an object is becoming greater as time passes.
- A negative acceleration means that the velocity of an object is becoming smaller as time passes.
Momentum
- Momentum is the product of the mass of a body and its velocity.
- The momentum of a body will stay unchanged when there is no external force.
Inertia
- Inertia is the resistance of a body to any change in its state of rest or motion. A body at rest tends to remain at rest.
- inertia is dependent on mass.
Friction
- Friction is the force which opposes motion when one surface slides upon another.
- It may arise from various factors, such as contact between surfaces.
- It is related to the surfaces in contact.
- Friction is dynamic or static.
Simple Machines
- A machine is a convenience, which is applied to perform some mechanical work.
- The use of simple machines usually makes it easier to move or lift heavy objects and therefore is important at work or a task in everyday or particular life.
- Levers, pulleys, and wheels are among the common simple machines. These are usually encountered in everyday life.
- Different mechanical principles used in different machines and simple machines.
Levers
- A lever is a rigid bar which is capable of moving about a fixed point referred to as the fulcrum.
- The fulcrum is one of the important physical factors to study leaver.
- Different classes of levers exist based on the position of the fulcrum in relation to the effort and load.
General Notes
- Study diagrams and figures provided along with the text as these are frequently important to understanding concepts.
- Focus on key terms and definitions.
- Compare and contrast different concepts and examples.
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Description
This quiz covers key mechanical principles utilized in exercise therapy, focusing on the concept of force and its characteristics. Understand the implications of force, vector quantities, and the motion of rigid bodies applied in therapeutic settings.
