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Questions and Answers
What type of valve is primarily responsible for regulating steam flow in a turbine governing system?
What type of valve is primarily responsible for regulating steam flow in a turbine governing system?
- Overspeed governor
- Sentinel valve (correct)
- Governor valve
- Hand speed control
What component contacts the shaft to prevent axial movement in turbine thrust bearings?
What component contacts the shaft to prevent axial movement in turbine thrust bearings?
- Labyrinth
- Collar
- Shaft sleeve
- Shroud (correct)
What is a common reason for replacing shaft sealing carbon glands?
What is a common reason for replacing shaft sealing carbon glands?
- Material fatigue
- Overheating
- Erosion (correct)
- Contamination
Which principle is most commonly utilized by steam turbine governing systems?
Which principle is most commonly utilized by steam turbine governing systems?
In an impulse turbine, what happens to the steam pressure as it passes through the nozzles?
In an impulse turbine, what happens to the steam pressure as it passes through the nozzles?
Which material is commonly used as a solid lubricant?
Which material is commonly used as a solid lubricant?
In which situation is grease not a suitable lubricant?
In which situation is grease not a suitable lubricant?
What indicates an oil's capability to support a load?
What indicates an oil's capability to support a load?
What has the greatest impact on the viscosity of lubrication oil?
What has the greatest impact on the viscosity of lubrication oil?
Which type of grease is the most commonly used and cost-effective?
Which type of grease is the most commonly used and cost-effective?
What is the correct action to take with the casing vent valve on a standby pump?
What is the correct action to take with the casing vent valve on a standby pump?
Which configuration of valves is typical for a positive displacement standby pump?
Which configuration of valves is typical for a positive displacement standby pump?
Cryogenic pumps primarily operate at which condition?
Cryogenic pumps primarily operate at which condition?
What is the primary function of a circulating pump?
What is the primary function of a circulating pump?
In which scenario would a multi-stage pump be preferred?
In which scenario would a multi-stage pump be preferred?
What is the ideal application for turbine pumps?
What is the ideal application for turbine pumps?
Wear rings on an impeller are typically secured by what method?
Wear rings on an impeller are typically secured by what method?
Which materials are most commonly used for constructing wear rings?
Which materials are most commonly used for constructing wear rings?
What is one possible cause of a pump not functioning properly?
What is one possible cause of a pump not functioning properly?
In which setting are compressed air machinery most likely used?
In which setting are compressed air machinery most likely used?
What occurs to kinetic energy in a centrifugal compressor?
What occurs to kinetic energy in a centrifugal compressor?
Which type of air compressor prioritizes volume over pressure?
Which type of air compressor prioritizes volume over pressure?
What type of air compressors are categorized as positive displacement?
What type of air compressors are categorized as positive displacement?
What is a characteristic of single stage reciprocating air compressors?
What is a characteristic of single stage reciprocating air compressors?
Higher gearing is typically used in which type of compressor?
Higher gearing is typically used in which type of compressor?
What do compressor unloaders do?
What do compressor unloaders do?
What is used to reduce air temperature between stages in an air compression system?
What is used to reduce air temperature between stages in an air compression system?
What mechanism is crucial for lubricant efficacy in a cylinder where pistons move?
What mechanism is crucial for lubricant efficacy in a cylinder where pistons move?
What is the minimum pipe size in mm for the valve fittings on a steam boiler according to ASME code?
What is the minimum pipe size in mm for the valve fittings on a steam boiler according to ASME code?
Why is a stop valve required at each boiler outlet in a multiple steam boiler heating system?
Why is a stop valve required at each boiler outlet in a multiple steam boiler heating system?
What type of valves are typically used as boiler outlet valves due to their low resistance to flow?
What type of valves are typically used as boiler outlet valves due to their low resistance to flow?
What characteristic of an outside screw and yoke valve differentiates it from others?
What characteristic of an outside screw and yoke valve differentiates it from others?
How much of a turn is required to operate the quick closing valves on the water gauge?
How much of a turn is required to operate the quick closing valves on the water gauge?
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Study Notes
Turbine Components and Operation
- The sentinel valve functions as a safety device in steam systems, preventing overpressure situations.
- Turbine thrust bearings restrict axial movement of the spindle by contacting the shroud on the shaft.
- Shaft sealing carbon glands require regular replacement due to erosion, typically on a monthly basis.
- The majority of steam turbine governing systems employ the pneumatic system principle.
Reaction Turbines
- Reaction turbines utilize a pressure drop through both moving and stationary blades for energy conversion.
- Velocity increases occur in the fixed blading of reaction turbines, conducive to efficient steam usage.
Impulse Turbines
- In impulse turbines, steam pressure is reduced in the nozzles, leading to increased velocity through the blades.
- This turbine type ensures that every set of blades experiences a pressure drop.
Pump Types and Operations
- A positive displacement standby pump typically has the suction valve closed and the discharge valve open during operation.
- Cryogenic material pumps usually operate as staged units to handle extremely low temperatures.
- A multi-stage pump is necessary for great lift but does not necessarily increase the pumped volume.
Pump Maintenance and Components
- Wear rings on impellers protect against wear and reduce maintenance costs.
- Stuffing boxes help manage leakage when the casing is under pressure, typically filled with packing.
Compressed Air Systems
- Compressed air is extensively used in agricultural applications and for driving tools in various industries.
- In centrifugal compressors, kinetic energy converts to potential energy within the volute and diffuser.
- Positive displacement compressors can be rotary or reciprocating and are adept at producing high discharge pressures.
Lubrication and Oil Properties
- Grease is inappropriate as a lubricant in applications requiring significant cooling or when moisture is prevalent.
- The property indicating an oil's load-bearing capacity is viscosity, with a lower viscosity index signifying greater viscosity fluctuations with temperature changes.
- High fluid friction arises from oils with a viscosity rating of 100 or higher.
Boiler Systems
- Each steam boiler must incorporate water gauge glasses connected through a minimum of 51 mm piping.
- Multiple boiler systems require stop valves to facilitate isolation from the system and ensure flow control, typically utilizing gate or globe valves.
- Quick-closing valves in water gauges necessitate only a quarter turn for complete closure or opening.
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