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Questions and Answers
What is strain?
What is strain?
Which type of strain is perpendicular to the cross section of a material?
Which type of strain is perpendicular to the cross section of a material?
What does Poisson's Ratio represent?
What does Poisson's Ratio represent?
What does the Modulus of Elasticity in Shear (G) indicate?
What does the Modulus of Elasticity in Shear (G) indicate?
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What does Modulus of Elasticity in Tension (E) represent?
What does Modulus of Elasticity in Tension (E) represent?
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What property is indicated by the slope of the stress-strain diagram?
What property is indicated by the slope of the stress-strain diagram?
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What does the elastic limit signify?
What does the elastic limit signify?
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Which term describes the property where materials can be cut with relative ease?
Which term describes the property where materials can be cut with relative ease?
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What is the significance of the yield point in stress-strain behavior?
What is the significance of the yield point in stress-strain behavior?
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Which term describes the stress at which fracture occurs?
Which term describes the stress at which fracture occurs?
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What is the working stress also known as in terms of design?
What is the working stress also known as in terms of design?
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Which term indicates the maximum stress that a material can sustain without fracture in tension?
Which term indicates the maximum stress that a material can sustain without fracture in tension?
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Which characteristic measures the ability of a material to strain under load and then return to its original size when unloaded?
Which characteristic measures the ability of a material to strain under load and then return to its original size when unloaded?
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What is the capacity of a material to absorb energy when it is elastically deformed and then recover this energy upon unloading?
What is the capacity of a material to absorb energy when it is elastically deformed and then recover this energy upon unloading?
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Which term refers to the slow process of plastic deformation that occurs when a material is subjected to a constant load below its normal yield point?
Which term refers to the slow process of plastic deformation that occurs when a material is subjected to a constant load below its normal yield point?
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What is the measure of the degree of plastic deformation a material can sustain before ultimate fracture?
What is the measure of the degree of plastic deformation a material can sustain before ultimate fracture?
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Which characteristic refers to the ability of a material to withstand a shock load without breaking?
Which characteristic refers to the ability of a material to withstand a shock load without breaking?
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What is the Modulus of Resilience defined as?
What is the Modulus of Resilience defined as?
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Study Notes
Strain and Stress
- Strain is the deformation of a material from stress, and it's a ratio of the change in length to the original length.
- Deformations that are applied perpendicular to the cross section are normal strains, while deformations applied parallel to the cross section are shear strains.
- Strain is dimensionless.
Stress-Strain Diagram
- The stress-strain diagram is used to analyze the behavior of a material under different loads.
- The modulus of elasticity (E) is the slope of the linear part of the stress-strain diagram.
Modulus of Elasticity
- The modulus of elasticity (E) is the ratio of stress to strain within the proportional limit.
- It's also known as Young's Modulus.
- E is a constant of proportionality that describes the stiffness of a material.
Modulus of Elasticity in Shear
- The modulus of elasticity in shear (G) is a measure of a material's stiffness under shear loading.
- It's related to the modulus of elasticity (E) and Poisson's ratio (v) by the equation: G = E / 2(1 + v).
Poisson's Ratio
- Poisson's ratio (v) is the ratio of the lateral strain (contraction) to the longitudinal strain (extension) when a material is loaded with a longitudinal tensile force.
- It's a measure of a material's lateral deformation response to a longitudinal tensile loading.
Elastic Limit
- The elastic limit is the point beyond which a material will no longer return to its original shape when the load is removed.
- It's the point where permanent deformation occurs.
Yield Point
- The yield point is the stress value at which a material begins to deform plastically.
- It's the point where the material's stress-strain curve deviates from its linear elastic behavior.
Ultimate Stress or Tensile Strength
- The ultimate stress or tensile strength is the highest stress a material can withstand before breaking.
- It's the maximum stress a material can tolerate before failing.
Rupture Stress
- The rupture stress is the stress at which a material fails or breaks.
- It's also known as breaking strength.
Working Stress
- The working stress is the maximum safe axial stress used in design.
- It's the stress that a material can withstand without failing.
Ultimate Strength
- The ultimate strength is the maximum stress a material can withstand before breaking.
- It's also known as tensile strength or breaking strength.
Machinability
- Machinability is the relative ease with which a material can be cut or machined.
- It's an important factor in manufacturing and design.
Brittleness
- Brittleness is a material's tendency to fracture without appreciable deformation.
- It's the opposite of ductility.
Ductility
- Ductility is a measure of the degree of plastic deformation that a material can withstand before breaking.
- Ductile materials are more suitable for applications where repeated loads are expected.
Elasticity
- Elasticity is the ability of a material to return to its original shape after an external load is removed.
- It's a measure of a material's ability to withstand temporary deformation.
Plasticity / Creep
- Plasticity is the ability of a material to deform permanently under an external load.
- Creep is a slow process of plastic deformation that occurs when a material is subjected to a constant load below its normal yield point.
Resilience
- Resilience is the ability of a material to absorb energy when it's elastically deformed.
- The modulus of resilience is the amount of energy that a unit volume of material can absorb while in the elastic range.
Toughness
- Toughness is the ability of a material to withstand a shock load without breaking.
- It's a measure of a material's ability to absorb energy during plastic deformation up to rupture.
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Description
Test your knowledge on material properties in mechanical engineering with this quiz. Topics include brittleness, ductility, and elasticity, along with their definitions and importance in material science.
