Gr 10 Math Lit: Ch 5.3 Parameter and Area

Measuring Perimeter

• Perimeter is the total length of the outside of a shape or the continuous line forming the boundary of a closed geometric figure.
• Perimeter is measured in units such as mm, cm, m, or km.
• To measure the perimeter of a rectangle, square, or triangle, measure the length of each side using a ruler and add the sides to get the perimeter.
• To measure the perimeter of a circle (circumference), use a piece of string placed along the outline of the circle, then measure the string length on a ruler to estimate the perimeter.

Shape Definitions

• A rectangle is a flat two-dimensional shape with both pairs of opposite sides equal in length and all adjacent sides at right angles (90°) to each other.
• A square is a flat, two-dimensional shape with all four sides equal in length, and all adjacent sides at right angles (90°) to each other.
• The circumference of a circle is the perimeter of a circle or the distance around the curved edge of a circle.

Formulae to Calculate Perimeter

• Perimeter of a rectangle: P = 2 × length + 2 × width
• Perimeter of a square: P = 4 × side
• Perimeter of a triangle: P = side₁ + side₂ + side₃
• Circumference of a circle: C = π × diameter or C = 2 × π × radius

Circle Definitions

• Radius (r) is the length from the centre to any point on the edge of the circle.
• Diameter (d) is the length from one edge of the circle to the other, passing through the centre.
• Pi (π) is a special mathematical constant approximately equal to 3.142.

Measuring Area

• Area is the size of a surface or plane or the amount of space inside the boundary of a flat (2-dimensional) object such as a square, triangle, or circle.
• Area is measured in units such as mm², cm², m², or km².

Estimating Area

• One way to estimate the area without using formulae is to place a square grid over the area and count how many squares fit within the shape.

Formulae to Calculate Area

• Area of a rectangle: A = length × width
• Area of a square: A = side × side = side²
• Area of a triangle: A = (1/2) × base × height
• Area of a circle: A = π × radius²

Perpendicular Definition

• A perpendicular line is a straight line that lies at an angle of 90° to a given line, plane, or surface.

Measuring Perimeter

• Perimeter is the total length of the outside of a shape or the continuous line forming the boundary of a closed geometric figure.
• Perimeter is measured in units such as mm, cm, m, or km.
• To measure the perimeter of a rectangle, square, or triangle, measure the length of each side using a ruler and add the sides to get the perimeter.
• To measure the perimeter of a circle (circumference), use a piece of string placed along the outline of the circle, then measure the string length on a ruler to estimate the perimeter.

Shape Definitions

• A rectangle is a flat two-dimensional shape with both pairs of opposite sides equal in length and all adjacent sides at right angles (90°) to each other.
• A square is a flat, two-dimensional shape with all four sides equal in length, and all adjacent sides at right angles (90°) to each other.
• The circumference of a circle is the perimeter of a circle or the distance around the curved edge of a circle.

Formulae to Calculate Perimeter

• Perimeter of a rectangle: P = 2 × length + 2 × width
• Perimeter of a square: P = 4 × side
• Perimeter of a triangle: P = side₁ + side₂ + side₃
• Circumference of a circle: C = π × diameter or C = 2 × π × radius

Circle Definitions

• Radius (r) is the length from the centre to any point on the edge of the circle.
• Diameter (d) is the length from one edge of the circle to the other, passing through the centre.
• Pi (π) is a special mathematical constant approximately equal to 3.142.

Measuring Area

• Area is the size of a surface or plane or the amount of space inside the boundary of a flat (2-dimensional) object such as a square, triangle, or circle.
• Area is measured in units such as mm², cm², m², or km².

Estimating Area

• One way to estimate the area without using formulae is to place a square grid over the area and count how many squares fit within the shape.

Formulae to Calculate Area

• Area of a rectangle: A = length × width
• Area of a square: A = side × side = side²
• Area of a triangle: A = (1/2) × base × height
• Area of a circle: A = π × radius²

Perpendicular Definition

• A perpendicular line is a straight line that lies at an angle of 90° to a given line, plane, or surface.

Measuring Perimeter

• Perimeter is the total length of the outside of a shape or the continuous line forming the boundary of a closed geometric figure.
• Perimeter is measured in units such as mm, cm, m, or km.
• To measure the perimeter of a rectangle, square, or triangle, measure the length of each side using a ruler and add the sides to get the perimeter.
• To measure the perimeter of a circle (circumference), use a piece of string placed along the outline of the circle, then measure the string length on a ruler to estimate the perimeter.

Shape Definitions

• A rectangle is a flat two-dimensional shape with both pairs of opposite sides equal in length and all adjacent sides at right angles (90°) to each other.
• A square is a flat, two-dimensional shape with all four sides equal in length, and all adjacent sides at right angles (90°) to each other.
• The circumference of a circle is the perimeter of a circle or the distance around the curved edge of a circle.

Formulae to Calculate Perimeter

• Perimeter of a rectangle: P = 2 × length + 2 × width
• Perimeter of a square: P = 4 × side
• Perimeter of a triangle: P = side₁ + side₂ + side₃
• Circumference of a circle: C = π × diameter or C = 2 × π × radius

Circle Definitions

• Radius (r) is the length from the centre to any point on the edge of the circle.
• Diameter (d) is the length from one edge of the circle to the other, passing through the centre.
• Pi (π) is a special mathematical constant approximately equal to 3.142.

Measuring Area

• Area is the size of a surface or plane or the amount of space inside the boundary of a flat (2-dimensional) object such as a square, triangle, or circle.
• Area is measured in units such as mm², cm², m², or km².

Estimating Area

• One way to estimate the area without using formulae is to place a square grid over the area and count how many squares fit within the shape.

Formulae to Calculate Area

• Area of a rectangle: A = length × width
• Area of a square: A = side × side = side²
• Area of a triangle: A = (1/2) × base × height
• Area of a circle: A = π × radius²

Perpendicular Definition

• A perpendicular line is a straight line that lies at an angle of 90° to a given line, plane, or surface.