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Questions and Answers
Which of the following statements is true regarding code length (LOC)?
Which of the following statements is true regarding code length (LOC)?
- LOC only measures non-commented lines of code (NCLOC)
- LOC is not a commonly used measure of source code program length
- LOC is the same as effective lines of code (ELOC)
- LOC includes both commented and non-commented lines of code (correct)
What does the ratio CLOC/LOC measure?
What does the ratio CLOC/LOC measure?
- The total length of the code
- The number of effective lines of code (ELOC)
- The density of comments in a program (correct)
- The ratio of commented lines to non-commented lines
Which of the following is NOT an internal product attribute mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is NOT an internal product attribute mentioned in the text?
- Code quality (correct)
- Reuse level
- Cyclomatic complexity
- Software size
What is the purpose of measuring software size?
What is the purpose of measuring software size?
Which of the following statements about internal product attributes is true?
Which of the following statements about internal product attributes is true?
Which of the following development products is NOT mentioned as a predictor of code length?
Which of the following development products is NOT mentioned as a predictor of code length?
What is Maurice Halstead's theory about?
What is Maurice Halstead's theory about?
According to Halstead, what constitutes a program's vocabulary?
According to Halstead, what constitutes a program's vocabulary?
What does Halstead suggest about the relationship between program size and development time?
What does Halstead suggest about the relationship between program size and development time?
In Halstead's theory, what does the parameter β represent?
In Halstead's theory, what does the parameter β represent?
What is one disadvantage associated with using Lines of Code (LOC) as a metric?
What is one disadvantage associated with using Lines of Code (LOC) as a metric?
How does Halstead propose estimating the effort required to develop a program?
How does Halstead propose estimating the effort required to develop a program?
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Study Notes
Software Size Metrics
- Software size metrics measure the internal attributes of a software product, describing it in a way that is dependent only on the product itself.
- Measuring software size is necessary to reflect effort, cost, and productivity.
Length
- Length refers to the “physical size” of a software product, including specification, design, and code.
- Code length traditionally refers to text-based code length, often measured in Lines of Code (LOC).
- LOC can be divided into Non-Commented Lines of Code (NCLOC) and Commented Lines of Code (CLOC).
- The ratio of CLOC to LOC measures the density of comments in a program.
Advantages and Disadvantages of LOC
- Advantages of LOC: simple to measure, correlates with programming effort and cost.
- Disadvantages of LOC: vague definition, language-dependent, not available for early planning, and developer skill-dependent.
Halstead’s Work
- Maurice Halstead’s Theory (1971-1979) views a program as a collection of tokens, comprising operands and operators.
- The theory defines several key metrics, including:
- µ1: number of distinct operators in the program
- µ2: number of distinct operands in the program
- N1: total number of occurrences of operators in the program
- N2: total number of occurrences of operands in the program
- µ: program vocabulary (µ1 + µ2)
- Halstead’s theory estimates program length, effort required to generate the program, and time required for development.
- The theory also attempts to predict the number of remaining bugs in the software at delivery time.
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