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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a key metric derived from a 2x2 table used to assess diagnostic test performance?
Which of the following is NOT a key metric derived from a 2x2 table used to assess diagnostic test performance?
- Confidence Interval (correct)
- Specificity
- Accuracy
- Sensitivity
A new diagnostic test for a rare disease has a high sensitivity and specificity. Which of the following statements is most likely TRUE about this test?
A new diagnostic test for a rare disease has a high sensitivity and specificity. Which of the following statements is most likely TRUE about this test?
- It is likely to be very effective in ruling out the disease in individuals who test negative. (correct)
- It is likely to produce a high number of false positives.
- It is likely to identify most individuals with the disease but may also incorrectly identify some individuals without the disease as having the disease.
- It is likely to miss a significant proportion of individuals with the disease.
A study is conducted to investigate the effectiveness of a new drug for treating hypertension. The researchers find that the drug is effective in lowering blood pressure, but the study design does not adequately control for confounding factors. What type of error might this study be subject to?
A study is conducted to investigate the effectiveness of a new drug for treating hypertension. The researchers find that the drug is effective in lowering blood pressure, but the study design does not adequately control for confounding factors. What type of error might this study be subject to?
- Sampling error
- Measurement error
- Random error
- Systematic error (correct)
Which of the following scenarios is most likely to result in a higher positive predictive value (PPV) for a diagnostic test?
Which of the following scenarios is most likely to result in a higher positive predictive value (PPV) for a diagnostic test?
A researcher is conducting a study on the effectiveness of a new vaccine. The study design includes a control group that does not receive the vaccine. What is the primary purpose of the control group in this study?
A researcher is conducting a study on the effectiveness of a new vaccine. The study design includes a control group that does not receive the vaccine. What is the primary purpose of the control group in this study?
Which of the following is NOT a method for minimizing random error in a study?
Which of the following is NOT a method for minimizing random error in a study?
A study is conducted to determine the effectiveness of a new treatment for a specific type of cancer. The researchers find that the treatment is significantly effective in improving survival rates. However, the study is later found to have a systematic error that overestimated the treatment's effectiveness. This type of error could lead to which of the following?
A study is conducted to determine the effectiveness of a new treatment for a specific type of cancer. The researchers find that the treatment is significantly effective in improving survival rates. However, the study is later found to have a systematic error that overestimated the treatment's effectiveness. This type of error could lead to which of the following?
What is the most likely outcome of a diagnostic test with low specificity?
What is the most likely outcome of a diagnostic test with low specificity?
What does high specificity in a confirmatory test help to avoid?
What does high specificity in a confirmatory test help to avoid?
Which statement best describes a test with high sensitivity?
Which statement best describes a test with high sensitivity?
How can statistical tools contribute to improving the accuracy of studies?
How can statistical tools contribute to improving the accuracy of studies?
In the target analogy for accuracy vs. precision, what defines a scenario that is both accurate and precise?
In the target analogy for accuracy vs. precision, what defines a scenario that is both accurate and precise?
Which of the following most directly influences the Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of a test?
Which of the following most directly influences the Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of a test?
Which strategy is NOT recommended for improving accuracy in studies?
Which strategy is NOT recommended for improving accuracy in studies?
What is the primary focus of precision in epidemiological research?
What is the primary focus of precision in epidemiological research?
What does the Negative Likelihood Ratio (LR-) indicate?
What does the Negative Likelihood Ratio (LR-) indicate?
Which of the following is NOT a key tool for measuring precision and accuracy in epidemiological studies?
Which of the following is NOT a key tool for measuring precision and accuracy in epidemiological studies?
Which of the following best describes the purpose of "Pilot Testing" in epidemiological research?
Which of the following best describes the purpose of "Pilot Testing" in epidemiological research?
Which of the following scenarios demonstrates both accuracy and precision in weight measurements?
Which of the following scenarios demonstrates both accuracy and precision in weight measurements?
What is the primary purpose of 'Blinding' in epidemiological research?
What is the primary purpose of 'Blinding' in epidemiological research?
Which of the following methods is NOT considered an error correction technique in epidemiological research?
Which of the following methods is NOT considered an error correction technique in epidemiological research?
Which of the following BEST describes the concept of sensitivity in a diagnostic test?
Which of the following BEST describes the concept of sensitivity in a diagnostic test?
Which of the following is a TRUE statement about the relationship between accuracy and precision in epidemiological research?
Which of the following is a TRUE statement about the relationship between accuracy and precision in epidemiological research?
Which of the following is NOT considered a benefit of using validated instruments in epidemiological research?
Which of the following is NOT considered a benefit of using validated instruments in epidemiological research?
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