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Questions and Answers
What is the formula for calculating the volume of body fluid containing a substance (distribution volume) using the concentration of the substance injected and the concentration of the substance in the body fluid?
What is the formula for calculating the volume of body fluid containing a substance (distribution volume) using the concentration of the substance injected and the concentration of the substance in the body fluid?
V1 = C x V / C1
Explain the properties of an ideal indicator for measuring body fluids.
Explain the properties of an ideal indicator for measuring body fluids.
An ideal indicator for measuring body fluids should be non-toxic, non-allergic, able to diffuse easily throughout the compartment, inert (not synthesized in the body, not metabolized, unchanged during the experiment period), and easy to measure without affecting water distribution.
What are the types of indicators used for measuring different body fluid compartments?
What are the types of indicators used for measuring different body fluid compartments?
The types of indicators used include heavy water (deuterium oxide) for total body water (TBW), inulin for extracellular fluid (ECF), and hematocrit (HCT) or plasma volume for intracellular fluid (ICF) volume.
Define hematocrit (HCT) and provide the normal values for males, females, and newborns.
Define hematocrit (HCT) and provide the normal values for males, females, and newborns.
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What are the physiological factors that can affect hematocrit (HCT) values?
What are the physiological factors that can affect hematocrit (HCT) values?
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Study Notes
Distribution Volume Calculation
- Formula to calculate distribution volume: Volume = Total Amount of Substance / Concentration of Substance in Body Fluid
Ideal Indicators for Measuring Body Fluids
- Properties of an ideal indicator:
- Does not affect the body fluid being measured
- Remains within the compartment being measured
- Has a known volume of distribution
- Is easily measurable
- Is non-toxic and non-reactive
Types of Indicators Used for Measuring Body Fluid Compartments
- Indicators used for measuring different body fluid compartments: +Radiolabeled albumin or inulin for extracellular fluid (ECF) +Deuterium oxide (D2O) or tritium oxide (T2O) for total body water (TBW) +Evans blue dye or 125I-albumin for plasma volume
Hematocrit (HCT)
- Definition: Hematocrit (HCT) is the proportion of red blood cells in the blood
- Normal values:
- Males: 40-54%
- Females: 37-48%
- Newborns: 45-61%
Physiological Factors Affecting Hematocrit (HCT) Values
- Physiological factors that can affect HCT values:
- Altitude (increased HCT due to increased red blood cell production)
- Exercise (increased HCT due to increased red blood cell production)
- Dehydration (increased HCT due to decreased plasma volume)
- Pregnancy (decreased HCT due to increased plasma volume)
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Description
Test your knowledge on the measurement of body water using Fick's principle and the properties of the indicator. This quiz covers concepts related to the dilution principle and the properties of the indicator substance.
