Measurement Levels in Statistics
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Questions and Answers

What type of sample is defined as a convenience sample?

  • Simple random sample
  • Convenience sample (correct)
  • Voluntary response sample
  • Systematic sample

    • Which sampling method is described when the hotel uses a random number generator to select guests for surveys?

  • Simple random sample (correct)
  • Systematic sample
  • Stratified sample
  • Cluster sample

    • What sampling method does the hotel manager use when giving a survey to every 10th person checking out?

  • Cluster sample
  • Simple random sampling
  • Systematic sampling (correct)
  • Stratified sampling

    • Calculate the mean for the following scores: 12, 13, 14, 18, 19, 20.

    <p>16</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Calculate the median for the following set of scores: 4, 32, 25, 1, 13, 30, 3.

    <p>13</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode for the following set of scores: 11, 11, 12, 13, 13, 14, 14, 14, 15, 15, 16, 18, 18?

    <p>14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Calculate the range for the following set of scores: 19, 15, 2, 17, 23, 7.

    <p>21</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you see the notation $\Sigma X$^2, what should you do?

    <p>Sum all of the X's, then square them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Calculate the interquartile range (IQR) using the following five-number summary: Max = 40, Q3 = 30, Median = 20, Q1 = 10, Min = 5.

    <p>20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the variance is 400, what is the standard deviation?

    <p>20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Using the following data, calculate the upper fence for a boxplot. IQR = 40, Q3 = 70.

    <p>110</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Using the following data, calculate the lower fence for a boxplot. IQR = 22, Q1 = 45.

    <p>34</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the conditions to check before calculating your correlation?

    <p>10% condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    There is a high correlation between babies listening to Mozart and their intelligence. What conclusion can be drawn based on this correlation?

    <p>There is a lurking variable present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What level of measurement is temperature measured on the Celsius scale?

    <p>Interval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What level of measurement is worker occupation (e.g., professional, white collar, blue collar)?

    <p>Nominal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What level of measurement is speed measured on miles/hour?

    <p>Ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What level of measurement are the top 10 movies in 2018?

    <p>Ordinal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data are monthly profits earned by Samsung for the year 2016?

    <p>Time-Series Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data is the mean selling price for homes in Auburn and Opelika last month?

    <p>Cross-Sectional Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data is generated from the survey question asking about favorite types of music?

    <p>Categorical Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data is generated from the survey question asking how many music downloads you purchased last year?

    <p>Categorical Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data is indicated when asking for your age (in years)?

    <p>Quantitative Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data is indicated when asking how many people live in your household?

    <p>Quantitative Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency for the number of times a student received a 'B' in a course?

    <p>11</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relative frequency for a 'B' grade from the given frequency table?

    <p>0.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relative percentage for an 'A' grade based on the frequency table?

    <p>45</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the bar chart showing major frequencies?

    <p>Each major has approximately the same frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What statement is true regarding gender and year of internship as per the segmented bar chart?

    <p>A greater percentage of female students go on internship their senior year than male students</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the row percentage for Females with a starting salary of 39 or less from the contingency table?

    <p>0.10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the column percentage for Males with a starting salary of 39 or less?

    <p>0.625</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total percentage for Females with a starting salary of 40 - 45?

    <p>0.42</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a contingency table, when the distribution of one variable is the same for all categories of another variable, we say that the variables are ________________.

    <p>Independent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the pie chart regarding students' grades?

    <p>The largest percentage of students received a 'C'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which correlation shows the weakest relationship between two variables?

    <p>0.11</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which correlation shows the strongest relationship between two variables?

    <p>-0.89</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Looking at this scatterplot, the correlation is of ____________ direction.

    <p>Positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the conditions to check before calculating your correlation?

    <p>10% Condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Looking at this scatterplot, the correlation is of ____________ direction.

    <p>Negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Looking at this scatterplot, its form is ____________.

    <p>Curvilinear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Calculate the correlation using the following data: n = 3, ∑ X = 15, ∑ X^2 = 83, ∑ Y = 18, ∑ Y^2 = 116, sum XY=94.

    <p>0.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which conclusion is true regarding the correlation between the crime rate and the number of people eating at restaurants?

    <p>B) There is a lurking variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Calculate the correlation using the following data: ∑ ( X − X¯ )( Y − Y¯) = 19, ∑ ( X − X¯)2 = 14, ∑ ( Y − Y¯)2 = 28.33.

    <p>0.95</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When making a scatterplot with two variables and 20 cases, how many points will be on the plot?

    <p>20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the intercept of the regression line from the given data: Salary=48556+1550 Years of Experience (X)?

    <p>48556</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the slope of the regression line given: Time on Market^=−0.73+.024 Asking Price ( X )?

    <p>0.024</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you have a correlation = 0.50, what is the value of R^2?

    <p>0.25</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Calculate the slope of the regression line using given data: X = 10.76, Y = 15.39, sx = 3.54, sy = 5.87, r = -0.48.

    <p>-0.80</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Calculate the intercept of the regression line using given data: X = 6.46, Y = 10.74, sx = 4.79, sy = 4.19, b1 = 1.21.

    <p>2.92</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If given the regression equation y^ = 15.84−0.1279 X and provided with a new value for X = 45, what is your predicted score on y?

    <p>10.0845</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If your actual y-value is 10 and the predicted y-value is 12, what would be your residual?

    <p>-2.00</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a name for our regression line?

    <p>Correlation line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a condition to check before conducting regression analysis?

    <p>Minimum sample size condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Using the following data, what would be your predicted z y^ if r = 0.50 and zx = 3?

    <p>1.500</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the phenomenon where people believe that an outcome of a random event that hasn't occurred is 'due' to occur?

    <p>Law of Averages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the probability of the outcome of Stage 1 occurring based on the given stage outcomes?

    <p>0.15</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following values is NOT possible for a probability?

    <p>-0.65</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must the probability for Outcome 5 be in order to ensure the entire sample space is represented?

    <p>0.3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the P(A and B) if P(A) = 0.70 and P(B) = 0.30 with A and B being independent?

    <p>0.21</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the P(A or B) if P(A) = 0.45 and P(B) = 0.25 with A and B being disjoint?

    <p>0.7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the P(A or B) if P(A) = 0.35, P(B) = 0.55, and P(A and B) = 0.15?

    <p>0.75</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the probability of getting heads on each of the three coins tossed at the same time?

    <p>0.125</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Would it be mutually exclusive to select a red card and an ace from a standard deck?

    <p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the P(neither A or B) if P(A) = 0.25, P(B) = 0.15, and P(A and B) = 0.10?

    <p>0.7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is P(Male | Use) if the given contingency table indicates seat belt use?

    <p>0.50</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is P(Male) if the given contingency table indicates seat belt use?

    <p>0.44</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Are Gender and Seat Belt Use Independent according to the given contingency table?

    <p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is the scenario where a firm realizes about 15% of its packages are not sealed properly a Bernoulli trial?

    <p>Bernoulli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If 91% of students surveyed at a university opened a new credit card account in the past year, how many would you expect to survey before finding one who had not?

    <p>Bernoulli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is the cheating admission data among MBA students a Bernoulli trial?

    <p>Bernoulli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the probability that a committee of 3 people consists only of Republicans selected from a council of 6 Republicans and 14 Democrats?

    <p>Not Bernoulli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is the scenario of a website manager noticing the rate of checkouts a Bernoulli trial?

    <p>Not Bernoulli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the probability that 2 out of the next 20 calls placed on a cell phone will be dropped, where the probability of a dropped call is 0.02?

    <p>Binomial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the probability that the appliance repair shop receives 5 calls in a given hour with an average of 2 repair calls?

    <p>Poisson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the probability that a traveler is sent to Station 2 if there are 22 equally likely stations?

    <p>Uniform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the probability of the first left-handed person being the tenth person chosen from a randomly selected sample of 10 customers?

    <p>Geometric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the probability that an inspector finds no button flaws examining 46 shirts with 6 buttons each, knowing the flaw rate is 0.001?

    <p>Poisson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percent of values fall within ± 2 standard deviations of the mean in a unimodal, symmetric distribution?

    <p>95%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How would you represent population mean 100 and standard deviation 10 with a normal model?

    <p>N(100,10)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Calculate the z-score given: μ = 200, σ = 30, X = 245.

    <p>1.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number found in the z-table for z-score -2.42 regarding the area under the curve from the z-score and below?

    <p>0.0078</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number found in the z-table for z-score 1.56 regarding the area under the curve from the z-score and below?

    <p>0.9406</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Given the following parameters, calculate P(X ≤ 425): μ = 500, σ = 100.

    <p>0.2266</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Given parameters μ = 160, σ = 16, what is P(X ≥ 186)?

    <p>0.0516</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Given μ = 200, σ = 20, what is P(184 ≤ X ≤ 212)?

    <p>0.5138</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Find the z-score for the top 9% of scores. Given data: μ = 100, σ = 10.

    <p>113.4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The mean of the standard normal distribution is always __________.

    <p>0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is np if n = 95 and p = 0.20?

    <p>19</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is nq if n = 95 and q = 0.80?

    <p>76</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Does this study meet the success/failure condition if n = 95 and p = 0.20?

    <p>Yes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If p = 0.44, what is q?

    <p>0.56</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is p-hat if you surveyed 1700 people and 1275 completed the survey?

    <p>0.75</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is your critical value (z*) for calculating a 90% confidence interval?

    <p>1.645</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As the sample size increases, what happens to the standard error of p-hat?

    <p>decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Calculate the standard error of p-hat given n = 95 and p = 0.20.

    <p>0.0410</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes results using a confidence interval?

    <p>D) We are 95% confident that between 19.8% and 24.2% of adults do not know their cholesterol level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not an assumption required for constructing a confidence interval for the proportion?

    <p>Linearity Condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What level of measurement is the year you were born?

    <p>Interval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What level of measurement is your Medical Insurance Policy Number?

    <p>Nominal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What level of measurement is income earned this week at your job?

    <p>Ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Levels of Measurement

    • Temperature on the Celsius scale is classified as Interval measurement.
    • Worker occupations (professional, white collar, blue collar) are classified as Nominal measurement.
    • Speed measured in miles/hour is classified as Ratio measurement.
    • Rankings of the top 10 movies in 2018 represent Ordinal measurement.

    Data Types

    • Time-Series Data consists of monthly profits earned by Samsung in 2016.
    • Cross-Sectional Data refers to mean selling prices for homes in Auburn and Opelika last month.

    Types of Data from Surveys

    • Questions about favorite music genres yield Categorical Data.
    • Questions about the number of music downloads purchased last year also yield Categorical Data.
    • Asking for a participant's age generates Quantitative Data.
    • Inquiring about household size generates Quantitative Data as well.

    Frequency and Relative Frequency

    • Frequency of "B" grades recorded is 11 for 20 courses taken.
    • The relative frequency for a "B" grade from a table with 30 total grades is 0.5.
    • Relative percentage for an "A" grade from a table with 40 total grades is 45.

    Analysis of Charts and Gender Studies

    • A bar chart illustrates that each major has approximately the same frequency.
    • A segmented bar chart indicates that a greater percentage of female students go on internships in their senior year compared to male students.

    Contingency Tables and Percentages

    • In contingency tables, the row percentage for females with starting salaries of 39 or less is 0.10.
    • The column percentage for males with starting salaries of 39 or less is 0.625.
    • Total percentage for females with starting salaries of 40 - 45 is 0.42.

    Correlation and Scatterplots

    • A positive correlation suggests the relationship moves in the same direction.
    • A negative correlation indicates the relationship moves in opposite directions.
    • Curvilinear relationships in scatterplots display non-linear patterns.
    • Weakest correlation listed is 0.11, while the strongest is -0.89.

    Regression Analysis

    • The intercept of a regression line of Salary = 48556 + 1550*Years of Experience is 48556.
    • The slope of the regression line of Time on Market = -0.73 + 0.024*Asking Price is 0.024.
    • Correlation squared (R²) for a correlation of 0.50 is 0.25.

    Probability

    • Events are independent if the outcome of one does not affect the other.
    • The probability of a dropped call equaling 0.02 implies a Binomial model for predicting occurrences.
    • A Bernoulli trial is defined by a fixed number of independent trials with two possible outcomes.

    Confidence Intervals

    • A correct description of results using a confidence interval includes the phrase "We are 95% confident..."
    • The critical value for a 90% confidence interval is 1.645.
    • As sample size increases, Standard Error (SE) of p-hat decreases.

    Descriptive Statistics

    • Calculate the mean from the scores 12, 13, 14, 18, 19, 20 yields 16.
    • The median from the set 4, 32, 25, 1, 13, 30, 3 is 13.
    • The mode from the scores 11, 11, 12, 13, 13, 14, 14, 14, 15, 15, 16, 18, 18 is 14.
    • The range of scores 19, 15, 2, 17, 23, 7 is 21.
    • Interquartile range (IQR) calculated from max 40, Q3 30, median 20, Q1 10, min 5 is 20.

    Variance and Standard Deviation

    • If the variance is 400, the corresponding standard deviation is 20.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the levels of measurement in statistics with this quiz. Covering interval, nominal, ratio, and ordinal types, each flashcard challenges your understanding of how different data can be categorized. Perfect for review before your final exam.

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